萬大泰雅語中的喉塞音轉換

Glottal Stop Alternations in Plngawan Atayal

萬大泰雅語具有兩種喉塞音演變現象。喉塞音結尾的詞根，或者加綴後保留喉塞音，或者將之刪略並將詞根結尾的元音與詞綴元音合併。該演變起源於原始泰雅語*q與*ʔ結尾的詞根。從共時音韻學的角度而言，該演變可視為深層形式以有無喉塞音做區分，若深層形式無喉塞音（即元音結尾的詞根）則須在表層形式進行喉塞增音。詞根中的喉塞音演變現象與上述演變來源不同，連原始泰雅語*q的詞根亦然會發生；反之，詞根中的喉塞音演變則取決於詞幹的音韻結構，加綴後會丟失喉塞音的詞幹有兩種：一、喉塞音前的元音為演變元音，二、長達三個音節的詞幹（包括有衍生詞綴的詞幹）。詞根結尾的喉塞音演變只關係到喉塞一音，然而詞根中的演變，刪略對象不僅是喉塞音本身，亦會帶動鄰近的元音。

There are two types of phonological alternations involving glottal stops in Plngawan Atayal. Roots with final glottal stops may either retain the glottal stops after suffixation, or else alternate them with zero, and undergo additional vowel coalescence with the suffix. Historically, this alternation comes from roots with Proto-Atayal *q vs *ʔ. In synchronic phonology, these verbs can be treated as having an underlying glottal stop, or being underlyingly vowel-final and receiving an epenthetic glottal stop in unsuffixed forms. A separate process of root-medial glottal stop alternations does not share the same origins, and may happen even in roots with historical *q. Instead, root-medial alternations depend on the phonological structure of the stem. Two types of stems will undergo glottal stop deletion in suffixed forms: (1) stems with an alternating vowel preceding the glottal stop, and (2) trisyllabic stems (including stems with derivational affixes). Unlike root-final glottal stop alternations, which involve a single segment, in root-medial alternations the glottal stop is deleted together with an adjacent vowel.