外省人的台語經驗初探：一個半結構式訪談研究

Waishengren’s Taiwanese Experiences: A Semi-structured Interview Study

台灣的「外省人」常被認為不會講台語。但從許多外省人的自述、統計資料、戶籍法的規定，或是和外省人較有接觸的中老年人的經驗來看，許多中年以上的外省人不但會講台語，甚至還是台語母語者。本研究針對不同年齡層的外省人，進行半結構式訪談。訪談問題如下：1.台語的主要習得來源；2.對台語的看法；3.國語運動的經驗；4.是否曾因講台語而受到正面效益或回饋。結果顯示，早期的外省人從環境中習得台語，且台語當時仍相當有活力，因此其台語能力大多相當優良。隨著本外省人的通婚普遍，母系成了1961-1970年出生的外省人最普遍的台語習得來源。不過，從1971-1980年世代開始，環境再度成為外省人習得台語的主要來源，但環境中的台語活力已逐漸流失。至於對台語的態度，則是從1970年世代開始，功能性轉為認同性。華語在1970年代已更為普及，且這個世代正好遇上台灣企業的西進中國潮，台語成為在中國的台灣人社群語言。另外，當年的「國語運動」雖對本省族群衝擊很大，但對外省族群來說，受訪者幾乎都沒有很具體的印象，甚至無感。對於使用台語是否曾有正面回饋，受訪者也幾乎皆表示無感。

“Waishengren,”meaning“Out-of-province person,”denotes those who migrated to Taiwan with the KMT after the Chinese civil war. Despite assumptions that Waishengren are non-Taiwanese speakers, evidence from surveys and the life experiences of numbers of Taiwanese suggests many are Taiwanese speakers, some native.
Semi-structured interviews with Taiwanese-speaking Waishengren explored language acquisition, attitudes towards Taiwanese, Guoyu Movement experiences, and positive language encounters, aiming for nuanced insights. Results showed generational variations, with pre-1960 births acquiring fluent Taiwanese naturally. Those born 1961-1970 mainly learned from mothers due to intermarriage, while the 1971-1980 cohort, influenced by the Guoyu Movement, saw the environment as one of the main Taiwanese learning sources.
Regarding attitudes, the 1970s cohort marked a shift from communication to identity-driven focus, reflecting changing sociopolitical landscapes. Interestingly, subjects across cohorts lacked concrete impressions of Guoyu Movement experiences or whether speaking Taiwanese was positive.