長照機構護理人員職場疲勞對老人態度、照顧意願及其相關因素之探討

Exploration of Workplace Burnout, Attitudes Towards the Elderly, and Willingness to Take Care of Nursing Staff in Long-Term Care Institutions and Related Factors

背景：隨著人口結構的改變，使機構長者的照護品質受重視，而照護者的壓力也漸增。長照機構護理人員的職責除需提供住民直接照護外，還需負責串連長照資源、與照護專業團隊溝同協調，同時還需與家屬斡旋。當工作愈加複雜及沈重後，職場疲勞及態度為老人照護帶來負面影響，而致護病關係僵化。
目的：本研究探討長照機構護理人員職場疲勞對老人態度和照顧意願的影響。
方法：使用橫斷式問卷調查研究設計，針對住宿式長照機構護理人員為研究對象。問卷包括：人口學、職場疲勞、對老人態度及照顧意願。問卷資料以統計套裝軟體SPSS 22.0進行統計分析。
結果：共收得221份有效問卷。研究結果發現長照機構護理人員職場疲勞程度以輕度居多；年齡、修過老人護理學、照護老人比例與職場疲勞顯著相關；老人同住與否、畢業時間至今與照顧意願顯著相關。長照機構護理人員對老人態度是影響照顧意願之重要預測因子，尤其生理及人際面向。
結論：本研究探討中部長照機構護理人員的職場疲勞對老人的態度和照顧意願之相關性。結果顯示未修過老人護理學者職場疲勞程度較高，而護理人員職場疲勞越高，對老人態度及照顧意願呈越負面。此外，具備與老人同住經驗或照顧老人經驗的護理人員對老人態度較佳、照顧意願也較高。研究也發現護理人員若對老人態度越正向，對老人照顧意願則越高。建議機構主管和政府採取措施，如舉辦紓壓課程和長者互動活動，以及鼓勵跨代同住和老人參與社區。未來研究應擴大樣本和加入質性訪談，以深化研究範疇。

Background: Due to demographic shifts, the quality of care for the elderly has become the focus of social attention. Nursing staff in long-term care institutions need to meet the physical and spiritual care of the elderly, communicate and coordinate with professional care teams, connect long-term care management units and community long-term care resources, and even mediate with elderly families. Due to increased workload, workplace burnout and attitudes have negative consequences for caring for the elderly, resulting in rigid nurse-patient relationships and increased turnover intentions.
Purpose: To explore workplace burnout, attitudes towards the elderly, and willingness to take care of nursing staff in long-term care institutions and related factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey research design was used to collect data from the nursing staff of residential long-term care institutions. Questionnaires included demographics, workplace burnout, attitudes towards the elderly and willingness to care for them. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software package for statistical analysis.
Results: There were total of 221 effective questionnaires collected. The results revealed that the workplace burnout of nursing staff in long-term care institutions is mostly mild; age, took geriatric nursing education, and the proportion of caring for the elderly were significantly related to workplace burnout; whether the elderly lived together or not, and the time since graduation were significantly related to the willingness to take care of. Nursing staff's attitude towards the elderly in long-term care institutions was an important predictor of care willingness, especially in the physiological and interpersonal aspects.
Conclusion: It is recommended that nursing staff take on-the-job training courses related to elderly care, the organization offers stress relief courses, the government encourages activities such as ''student youth exchange housing'' to increase opportunities to contact the elderly, thereby reducing the long-term care manpower gap and improving the workplace fatigue of nursing staff in long-term care institutions as well as increasing attitudes towards and willingness to care for the elderly.