農業從業人員從業相關傷病之可能因子探討

Investigation of the Possible Relationship between Physical Symptoms and Occupational Risk Factors of Agricultural Workers

我國農業職業傷病的保障仍處起步階段，如職業病明列保障項目仍偏少，對高齡化、職業傷病頻率與嚴重度均相當高的農業而言，完善制度保障刻不容緩，本研究目的即了解農民勞動現況與風險，探詢潛在職業傷病與相關危害因子之關聯，以利未來研究與改善。
研究方法上，本研究以問卷調查農民的基本資料、部分勞動狀況、健康生活行為，後續用線性與邏輯斯迴歸模型，檢視前三者分別對骨骼肌肉傷病影響與自覺症狀發生機率之影響。
在研究問卷的分析結果上，我國農民有高齡化、工時長、每日慣性吸菸問題。
每日高工時勞作加劇許多部位的骨骼肌肉症狀，也提升多種自覺症狀的發生機率，但或可透過提升睡眠品質去減輕該些負面影響。又憋尿、引用提神飲料也與數種自覺症狀有顯著相關。另，下背部疼痛、不適的問題與年資有關而不與年齡有關。
本研究認為，我國農民應可透過減少工時與確保睡眠品質來降低出現潛在不適症狀的機率或影響程度；若可能也應避免憋尿，以減少其可能導致的不適症狀風險；最後，下背部的症狀與年資有關但與年齡無關，其有成為農業職業傷病之可能。

Our agricultural occupational insurance system is still in its initial state, especially lacking clear items of occupational diseases. The goal of this study is to investigate the possible relationship between physical symptoms and occupational risk factors of agricultural workers to give suggestions for agricultural occupational safety and health improvement. This study used a questionnaire survey to investigate personal information, working conditions, and health behavior. To analyze the relationship between them with musculoskeletal disorders and other symptoms, this study also built linear regression and logistic regression. This study found that farmers have many problems such as aging, long working hours, and nicotine dependence. Regarding occupational injury and disorder, longer working hours will increase the severity of musculoskeletal disorders and the possibility of ten kinds of symptoms. However, those problems could be improved by enhancing the quality of sleep. Besides, gender, holding urine, and drinking energy beverages also have a significant correlation with some symptoms. Farmers in our country may be able to reduce potential hazards by shortening working hours and improve their sleep quality. If possible, they should also avoid holding urine. Finally, lower back pain is related to seniority but not age, which may be an occupational injury or disease in agriculture.