懷孕治療師的心理治療工作

The Behavior of Pregnant Psychologists while Providing Therapy

懷孕影響女性工作者，治療師也不例外。而治療師懷孕的主題以精神分析取向治療師最常受到探討，因工作性質屬於長期治療且建立在移情與反移情上。本研究旨在了解精神分析取向治療師孕期治療工作現象，也對照女性主義精神分析觀點加以探討治療設置所遭遇之困境與處理。本研究為質性研究，採用共識質性法分析資料，研究對象為8位治療師，包含諮商心理師、臨床心理師及精神科醫師。研究結果發現，身處多元場域與多元治療形式的治療師自述孕程順利，卻明顯忽略懷孕的限制，半數治療師懷孕期間仍選擇接下嚴重個案。多數治療師先等待個案自行發現自己懷孕一事，到懷孕中後期才被動地透露懷孕與產假的訊息。半數以上治療師在孕期接受治療，幾乎都接受督導。治療師對母職能力與自我認同感到疑惑。面對自身角色的轉變，多數優先考慮照顧胎兒或自己。當代精神分析強調治療師主動參與，但本研究發現懷孕治療師至今並未完全放棄古典精神分析設置與技巧，而是自行增加彈性，建構出懷孕治療師獨有之治療原則，延伸女性主義精神分析師對母性之關注。

Pregnancy compromises the job performance of women, including those who work as therapists. Most studies of pregnant therapists have focused on psychoanalytic therapists, because their jobs involve long-term therapies, which are grounded in transference and countertransference. The aim of this study is to understand psychoanalytically oriented therapists' work during pregnancy, and to explore it from the feminist psychoanalytic perspective. This qualitative study involved eight therapists, including counseling psychologists, clinical psychologists, and psychiatrists. The study found that the therapists, who were in multiple fields and used multiple forms of therapy, reported that the progress of their pregnancies was smooth, but they obviously ignored the restrictions of pregnancy. Half of the therapists still received serious cases during pregnancy. Most therapists wait for the client to find out that they are pregnant, and only passively inform them of pregnancy and maternity leave in the middle and late stages of pregnancy. More than half of the therapists receive medical treatment during pregnancy, almost all under supervision. Therapists were confused about motherhood and self-identity. Faced with the change of roles, most of them give priority to taking care of the fetus or themselves. Contemporary psychoanalysis emphasizes the active participation of the therapist; but this study found that, so far, pregnant therapists take a flexible approach to their own pregnancies, while not completely abandoning the settings and techniques of classical psychoanalysis. And classical psychoanalytic theory has become more flexible, openly accepting the discourses of feminist psychoanalysis and relational approaches, and constructing treatment principles more suited to pregnant therapists.