孩子的運動、媽媽的勞務：臺灣「足球媽媽」的性別意涵

Children's Leisure Sports, Mother's Labor: The Gendered Meanings of the Taiwanese“Soccer Mom”

本研究探究當代家庭兒童休閒運動的實踐與母職的關係。以在臺灣社會日益興盛的兒童休閒足球為探究場域，思索母職的意義以及與運動的關連。研究發現，在臺灣兒童休閒足球浪潮中，臺灣足球媽媽基於母職期待中由母親來規劃孩子的教養內容與陪伴的分工，成為孩子加入休閒足球俱樂部的主要推手，過程甚至歷經自找教練與場地的團隊營運過程，催生出目前臺灣社會的兒童休閒足球現況。在過程中，凸顯出臺灣社會各年齡兒童仍以「母親」為主要照顧者。但傳統性別分工、性別角色仍影響異性戀家庭中母親與父親在其中之角色，父親出現機會較少，若出現則「順（生理性別之）勢」扮演起「更瞭解足球／運動專業」的指導者角色，儘管身為臺灣男人，他們多數原本並不熟悉足球運動。當孩子參與足球的頻率、時間成長，受訪者無論是職業婦女或全職母親，都承擔起主要的照顧乃至規劃者的角色。原本的「下班時間」、「週休假日」對於足球媽媽而言，便是提供勞務的重要時段。無論是否為職業婦女的受訪者，自身的休閒便受到壓縮排擠或是形成一種依附於孩子練球時間的破碎化實踐與經驗。

It is believed that the consumption of leisure sport is significant to the reproduction of social class-based life-styles and self-identities. The consumption of leisure sports is a part of everyone's habitus. It's important for sport sociologists to focus on the practices of children's leisure sports and its social class implications. In Taiwan, according to a survey published by Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2015, 68.8% of the enrichment programs undertaken by Taiwanese children were physical activities. Children's leisure sports consumption is becoming more and more important to the Taiwanese family's leisure practices. When it comes to the gender division of labor, more than one study shows that“mother”is still the main person to take care of children in a Taiwanese household. Women, as mothers, participate in their children's leisure sport practices. However, their motherhood behaviors and responsibilities are insufficiently researched. In Taiwan, more and more children have participated in football clubs as extra-curriculum activities recently. Thus, this essay focuses on the motherhood behaviors of women whose children participate in football. This is a qualitative study. The meanings of consumerism in children's leisure sport practices and the gender implications of this motherhood will be the main concern of the research. It's a localized, critical sociological discourse on the first generation of“soccer moms”in modern Taiwan.