數據四象限分類確權規則研究

Research on the Distribution of Data Rights Based on the Four–quadrant Classification Model

數據價值的商業化實現涉及數據來源者和數據處理者兩類主體。依據來源者是否為個人和處理者是否為公共部門這兩個分類標準，我們可以將數據分置於公共個人數據、非公共個人數據、非公共非個人數據、公共非個人數據四個象限，此四象限內的數據開放程度依次遞增。涉及個人隱私的數據除非經過匿名化處理或取得個人單獨同意，否則不可隨意流轉，行業主管部門應對來源於個人的數據處理活動進行全流程監管。數據原始處理者原則上享有數據持有、使用和經營權，並細化為以“控制”為核心的數據資源、持有權、以“加工”和“自用”為核心的數據加工使用權、以“營利性收益”和“非營利性處分”為核心的數據經營處分權。數據繼受處理者的權利範圍取決於數據流轉合同的約定。涉及多類別數據的複合應用場景，應疊加適用對應象限的數據確權與流轉規則。

The commercialization of data involves two types of subjects - data sources and data processors. According to the two classification criteria of whether the source is an individual or not and whether the processor is a public sector or not, we can divide data into four quadrant.; public personal data, non - public personal data, non - public non - personal data, and public non -personal data, with the degree of openness of the data within the four quadrants increasing in order. Data involving privacy cannot be circulated unless it has been anonymized or with the individual's separate consent. Industry regulatory authorities shall supervise the entire processing of individual data. The original data processors are entitled to hold, use and manage data, and profit from them, which shall be refined into the right to hold data resources centered on control, the right to use data processing centered on processing and self - consumption, and the right to operate and dispose of data centered on operating income and non - operating disposal. The rights of successive processors depend on the data circulation contract. For scenarios involving multiple types of data, the distribution of data rights shall follow the corresponding quadrant rules.