分級會升級？臺灣長期照顧服務員證照分級制度之研究──職能理論觀點

Grading Systems for Certification Programs for Taiwanese Long-Term Care Workers

由於長期照顧服務人員長期缺乏系統性的分級及職涯發展，使得年輕人不願意投入照顧服務行列的工作，長照實務機構必須面對照顧服務人員的高流動率，教育端的長照科系則必須面對招生不易的處境，導致國內長期照顧服務一直缺乏足夠的人力。目前對於照服員的「職能」與「核心職能」關聯性的系統性討論較少，故本文採「職能」概念的「人力觀」與「人才觀」進行初探性研究。
本研究採質性研究專家焦點座談蒐集研究資料，邀請各大專院校長期照顧相關系所及服務機構主管參與，於北、中、南部進行三場次、共計26人參加。研究初步有下列幾點發現：（一）長照職能分級制度有助於人才培育與留任；（二）對長照核心職能的期待：標準化與多樣性；（三）長照專業職能發展趨勢：分級、分科、分場域；（四）長照國家證照有助培育長照人才。並提出以下兩點建議：（一）建置照顧服務員分科分級制度，有助於培育長照人才及根本解決長照人力短缺問題；（二）長照實務機構的分級與升遷制度可提供長照職能分級之參考。

The young are reluctant to work in long-term care services for the lack of career opportunities. It may relate to low student enrollment in long-term care departments and high turnover rate of long-term care workers in institutions. These phenomena further lead to serious care worker shortages in long-term care services in Taiwan. There is a lack of research on competency which may be the fundamental focus of the workforce deficit, though some studies focus on short-term wages. In particular, there is less of a systematic discussion on the relationship between the competency and core competency of long-term care workers.
Qualitative research methods were used in this research. The manpower and competency perspectives were employed to analyze the concept of competency in long-term care in this paper. A total of 26 directors of long-term care organizations and universities were invited to participate in 3 focus groups. Respondents' opinions were summarized as fellow: 1. The long-term care workers graded may be helpful for their competency cultivation. 2. The respondents expect that the graded may include service standardization and diversity. 3. It is suggested that the graded would be towards grading, sub-discipline, and sub-field development. 4. The long-term certificates may help the care workers' career development. The authors recommend that: 1. Establishing a grading system for long-term care workers will help to cultivate more long-term care competency and to solve the long-term care manpower shortage. 2. The grading system may provide a reference for long-term care institutions to design a promotion system.