基於“義務－執行”分析框架的世界銀行制裁機制與軟法治理

The World Bank Sanctions Mechanism Based on the ''Obligation-Enforcement'' Analytical Framework and The Soft Law Governance

在硬法體系效用的空白區域，軟法憑藉自身的獨特優勢成為國際社會治理的新工具，並且獲得了良好的實踐效果。在打擊國際經濟社會中欺詐和腐敗等不當行為的工作中，世界銀行通過建立和實施一系列的制裁制度發揮了重要作用，其中包含的不少措施都體現了軟法治理的性質。基於此，本文以軟法治理視角對世行的制裁制度進行深入分析，發現世行的制裁制度在義務和執行上表現出不同程度的“軟屬性”。通過劃分不同類型的軟法治理措施，本文進一步討論了世行現行制裁制度的功能和侷限性，並論證了世行制裁程序合法化、制度化的發展趨勢。

Soft law has emerged as a new tool for governance in the international community in areas where there is a gap in the effectiveness of the hard law system, taking advantage of its unique advantages, and has gained good practical results. In the fight against fraud and corruption and other misconduct in the international economy and society, the World Bank has played an important role by establishing and implementing a series of sanctions regimes, a number of which contain measures that reflect the nature of soft law governance. Based on this, this paper analyzes the World Bank's sanctions regimes from the perspective of soft law governance and discovers that the World Bank's sanctions regimes exhibit different degrees of ''soft attributes'' in terms of obligations and enforcement. Through classifying different types of soft law governance measures, this paper further discusses the functions and limitations of the World Bank's current sanctions regimes and argues for the development trend of legalization and institutionalization of the World Bank's sanctions procedures.