《反外國制裁法》實施中的法律問題與完善

Legal Issues in the Implementation of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law and Its Perfection

《反外國制裁法》為我國應對外國制裁提供了有力的法律保障，其有效運行離不開科學、完備的配套實施制度。《反外國制裁法》文本對實施的執法機制、司法機制、守法機制進行了初步規定，但從實施層面看，仍存在主管機構職責分工及工作規則不明確、實施程序的可操作性相對較弱、合規指導規則缺失等不足之處。歐盟實施制裁與反制裁措施的實踐為我國思考和調整《反外國制裁法》的實施機制提供了制度經驗。為切實發揮《反外國制裁法》的對外鬥爭功能，應健全反制裁主管機構制度安排，設置科學、嚴密的反制裁實施程序，並頒佈反制裁合規指導規則，從而更好地回應我國當前反制裁、反干涉、反“長臂管轄”的戰略需求。

The Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law provides a strong legal guarantee for China’s response to foreign sanctions, and its effective operation cannot be separated from a scientific and complete supporting implementation system. The text of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law provides preliminary provisions on the enforcement mechanism, judicial mechanism, and compliance mechanism for implementation, but at the implementation level, there are still deficiencies such as unclear division of responsibilities among competent agencies, and their working rules, and the operability of the implementation procedures are relatively weak, and lack of compliance guidance rules. The experience and lessons learnt from the practical implementation of sanctions and counter-sanctions in the EU provide institutional experience for our country’s reflection and adjustment in order to continuously adjust and reflect on the mechanism of the implementation mechanism of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, which is suited to our national conditions. In order to effectively perform the foreign struggle function of the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law, the institutional arrangement of the competent anti-sanctions agency should be improved, scientific and rigorous procedures for the implementation of counter-sanctions should be put in place, and the guiding rules for anti-sanctions compliance should be promulgated, so as to better respond to the current strategic needs of anti-sanctions, anti-interference and anti-long-arm jurisdiction in China.