論民事訴訟裁判的時機

On the Occasion of Civil Litigation Adjudication

裁判的時機成熟是民事訴訟達到可以由受訴法院作出終局裁判的狀態，是所有類型的終局裁判的必要條件。裁判的時機成熟時，法院必須儘早地作出終局裁判以結束該審級的訴訟。對裁判具有重要性的事實如果已被充分地解明，並且當事人已窮盡其主張、舉證或進一步提出訴訟資料不被允許，則該訴訟已達到裁判的時機。訴的合法性裁判與本案裁判在裁判的時機具體識別上存在差異。法院在裁判的時機達到時作出終局裁判乃其應盡的義務；例外的場合，基於合目的性考量，法院可裁量是否作出終局裁判。在我國現行《民事訴訟法》中，“事實清楚”作為終局裁判作出的訴訟資料基準未能彰顯裁判的時機成熟的全部要義，“審限”制度更是有違裁判的時機成熟的基本原理。

Maturity of adjudication refers to the state in which a lawsuit has reached a state of being able to make a final decision by the court of appeal. Mature adjudication is a necessary condition for all types of final judgments. When the adjudication is mature, the court must make a final judgment as soon as possible to complete the litigation at the trial level. If the facts of the adjudication’s importance have been fully explained, and the parties have exhausted their claims, presented evidence or made further arguments that are not allowed, the adjudication is mature. The specific identification of the judge’s maturity is different between the legality judgement of the lawsuit and the judgement of this case. It is the court’s duty to make a final judgment when the judge is mature. In exceptional cases, it is up to the court to decide whether to make a final judgment based on the consideration of fitness for purpose. The current Civil Procedure Law does not establish the concept of mature adjudication, the time limit for trial goes against the basic principle of adjudication maturity, and“clear facts”as the benchmark for making final judgments fails to demonstrate the full meaning of adjudication maturity.