論經濟特區法規的“區外適用”效力

通過分析經濟特區法規適用範圍的歷史沿革以及“區內適用”的法理局限性，可以揭示經濟特區法規的“區內適用”與“區外適用”在法律效力上存在本質區別。鑒於“一市兩法”“雙重立法權”現象存在的立法價值弊端，應制定《經濟特區法規基本法》來取代目前以《立法法》所規定的含義模糊的全國人大授權決定作為經濟特區法規的立法依據的做法。在此基礎上，還應加強對經濟特區法規的合憲性和合法性的審查和監督，確保經濟特區法規與國家憲法、法律和行政法規不相抵觸，維護以憲法為核心的中國特色社會主義法律體系所尊崇的法制統一原則的權威性。保留經濟特區法規的立法形式具有積極意義，在經濟特區所在地的市人大及其常委會制定的地方性法規與經濟特區法規的適用範圍完全一致情形下，宜撤銷地方性法規的制定權，保留實質意義上的經濟特區法規制定權，為經濟特區贏得更多的立法空間和發展機遇。

Through comprehensively and systematically examining the history of the formation of special economic zone regulations and analyzing the historical evolution of the scope of application of special economic zone regulations as well as the legal limitations of“application within the zone”, this article points out the essential differences in legal effectiveness between“application within the zone”and“application outside the zone”of special economic zone regulations, and analyzes the legislative value drawbacks of“one city, two laws”and“dual legislative power”. It is proposed to formulate the Basic Law on Special Economic Zone Regulations to replace the vague National People’s Congress authorization decision stipulated in the current Legislation Law as the legislative basis for special economic zone regulations. On this basis, it is advocated to strengthen the review and supervision of the constitutionality and legality of the regulations of special economic zones, to ensure that the regulations of special economic zones do not conflict with the national constitution, laws, and administrative regulations, and to maintain the authority of the principle of legal system unity respected by the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, which is centered on the Constitution. This article fully affirms the positive significance of retaining the legislative form of special economic zone regulations, and advocates that in the case where the local regulations formulated by the Municipal People’s Congress and its Standing Committee in the location of the special economic zone are completely consistent with the scope of application of the special economic zone regulations, the power to formulate local regulations shall be revoked and the substantive power to formulate special economic zone regulations be retained, in order to win more legislative space and development opportunities for the special economic zone.