從五十年來的高教論述體察我國大學自主思考功能

Tracing Nearly 50 Years of Higher Education Literatures to Explore the Autonomous Thinking of Universities in Taiwan

國內外學者對於高等教育的理念和大學的功能，有許多經典的論述，本文將時間軸線向前推移半個世紀起，檢視這些深具時代脈絡及批判意義的文獻，並體察我國的高等教育與大學對應這些高教論述的轉變，所呈現出來的現象。體察的視角有全球高教新自由主義和學術資本主義影響下的大學理念變遷，政府推動高教市場化所產生的大學功能異化，教育政策法制和推動策略的轉變，以及大學與政府的關係從爭取自主到資源依附等，覺察發現大學受制於政府引導的競爭性資源體制，甚至失去自主思考和獨立智能，是以大學亟需找回自身的理念和功能。本文舉引史丹佛大學基於學校自身發展理念提出的重塑學習生態前瞻計畫，讓學生的學習生命展延循環，終身都可能回到母校再學習，此舉更產生降低學校對外部資金依賴的效果，有助於找回大學在新世紀對學校功能自主思考的需要，應是大學功能詮釋「新世紀之需要」最佳註腳。

Past 50 years to the present, there have been many studies on the development of Higher Education (HE). By examining these historical and critical documents, we look back at Taiwan’s HE policy and the change of universities, especially whether universities can have autonomous thinking and independent intelligence. The inspection viewpoint include the changing idea of the university under the influence of globalization and HE has been influenced by Neoliberalism and Academic Capitalism, alienation of university functions after the government adopts the policy of marketization of HE, changes in education policy legal system and promotion strategies, however main argue is competitive grant policies and the relationship between universities and the government has changed from university seeking autonomy to heavily relying on the government to provide resources. This article also cites Stanford University’s forward-looking plan for 2025, based on the school’s own development concept, to reshape the learning ecology, so that students’learning life can be extended, and students may return to their alma mater for lifelong learning, which will reduce the school’s dependence on external funds. It helps to retrieve the need for the autonomous function of university in the 21st century.