日本推動高教促進地方及產業發展政策之分析

An Analysis of Japan's Higher Education Policies for Regional Revitalization and Industrial Development

本文旨在探討日本推動高教促進地方及產業發展相關規劃和執行政策。首先說明日本推動高教促進地方及產業發展政策之歷程，其次就「高等教育機構作為知識基地，以振興地區」、「高等教育促進產業發展」、「改進大學教育計畫，促進人才培育」和「配套措施」等四項，論述日本推動高教促進地方及產業發展相關規劃、執行情況和特色個案。最後，提出下列四點結論：1.日本高教促進地方及產業發展之規劃和執行，由官方（文部科學省）主導，透過規劃和推展各項計畫及配套措施，逐步形塑日本高等教育機構永續振興地區的機制「知識基地→促進產業發展+當地人才培育→振興地區」，進而明確大學在地區的理想型態和功能（知識基地、促進產業發展、人才培育）。2.高教促進地方及產業發展之規劃和執行，從早期著重「建置知識基地」、「發展協作網絡」，和「促進產業發展」，演變至後期側重「高等教育機構教育計畫改進」和「產官學共創據點/地區合作平臺」。3.日本高等教育機構教育計畫改進方面，除制定一體化人才培育體系，對接在地問題和產業職能，開發教育指標和課程，並導入實務性導向課程和企業培訓，進一步促進在地人力資源開發和活化。4.同步啟動配套措施，促進區域平臺協力網絡的資源共享。

This study aimed to explore higher education policies to promoting local and industrial development in Japan by literature review and document analysis. It introduced the procedure that higher education in Japan promoted local and industrial development at first. Then, it discussed the related projects and supporting measures from four aspects, such as“Universities as Centers of Community to Promoting Regional Revitalization”.“Promoting Industrial Development through Higher education”,“Improving university education to fostering talent”, and“Supporting measures”. Finally, conclusions were as follows: 1. The planning and implementation of promoting local and industrial development in higher education in Japan were led by the MEXT through various programs and support measures implemented. It gradually established the mechanism of sustainable regional revitalization in higher education institutions. 2. The planning and implementation of promoting local and industrial development in higher education in Japan later focused on ''improving higher education institution education plans'' and ''industry-academia-government collaboration hubs/regional cooperation platforms.'' 3. The improvement of higher education in Japan involved the development of an integrated talent cultivation system that addressed local issues and industry needs, including developing education indicators and curricula, as well as incorporating practical-oriented courses and corporate training. 4. Supporting measures simultaneously were initiated to promote resource sharing among regional platform collaboration networks.