電子支付法制之再建構

Reconstruction of the Legal Regime of Electronic Payment System

我國電子支付法制之建構，在2015年制定電子支付機構管理條例後，可謂達成一個新的里程碑。嗣後，該法在2021年修正，擴大電子支付機構之業務範圍，同時整併電子票證發行管理條例。縱使如此，電子支付法制仍有許多待解決之課題。本文主要針對以下兩個議題，參酌日本支付服務法之立法經驗，進行檢討。一是，電子支付機構管理條例對於代理收付實質款項業務之監理模式的妥適性。按電子支付機構管理條例僅規範代理收付實質款項總餘額超過新臺幣20億元之業者，其餘業者則劃歸由數位發展部進行監理。此種監理模式，易使業者進行法規套利，宜將所有業者劃歸同一監理機構負責監理。二是，虛擬資產交易平臺之監管模式的必要性以及其規範模式。按金管會於2023年9月公布之虛擬資產平臺業者指導原則，作為規範業者之依憑。但從日本支付服務法之立法歷程來看，透過自律組織之自律規範要達成此等目的是有其侷限性，最終仍有必要透過立法方式，始能確保使用者之權益。

The construction of Taiwan’s legal regime of electronic payment system has achieved a new milestone after the enactment of the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions in 2015. Subsequently, the Act was amended in 2021 to expand the service scope of electronic payment institutions and consolidate the Act Governing Issuance of Electronic Stored Value Cards. Even so, there are still many issues to be resolved in the electronic payment system legal regime. This article mainly focuses on the following two issues with reference to Japan’s Payment Service Act. One is the suitability of the regulatory mode governing the agency in the business of collecting and making payments for real transactions. According to the Act Governing Electronic Payment Institutions, only those institutions whose total balance of actual payment collection exceeds NT $2 billion are subject to regulation. These remaining institutions are under the supervision of the Ministry of Digital Affaires. This kind of supervision model makes it easy to engage in regulatory arbitrage, so it is advisable to assign all institutions to be under the same supervision agency which is responsible for supervision. The other is the necessity of regulating the virtual asset trading platforms and the regulation’s model. Taiwan’s Financial Supervisory Commission has released the VASP Guidelines in September 2023 to serve as the basis for regulating trading platforms. However, it is clear from the experience of the legislation of Japan’s Payment Service Act that it is not a good way to protect the users’rights and interests through regulations promulgated by the self-regulatory organizations. It is still necessary to enact laws to impose specific duties on the trading platforms for the users’protection.