收容青少年毒品施用、心理韌性和憂鬱焦慮壓力關聯性分析

An Association Analysis of Drug Use, Resilience, and DASS among Taiwan Juvenile Detainees

近年來，臺灣面臨的變化包含少子化、高齡化、家庭問題多元且複雜、資訊快速推進、毒品氾濫等問題，快速多變的資訊社會發展型態，使靑少年有更多機會暴露在犯罪風險環境中。本研究旨在探討少年矯正機構中，曾接觸、吸食非法藥物或毒品靑少年之心理健康，瞭解靑少年受毒品影響程度與危險性。研究方法使用問卷調查分析其藥物使用經驗、心理韌性和憂鬱焦慮壓力之關聯性，從描述性統計、相關及羅吉斯迴歸分析各變項相互影響之狀況。研究結果顯示，增強收容靑少年的「自我覺察」與「家庭緊密度」，可有效降低患有憂鬱焦慮或壓力的風險；根據羅吉斯迴歸分析，提升1分自我覺察，可降低66.7%患有輕度憂鬱、58.9%輕度焦慮和62.8%輕度壓力的風險；提升1分家庭緊密度，可降低87.6%患有輕度壓力的風險。本研究認為，毒品的新營度隨著時代轉變快速更新，毒品防制教育需提早介入學生生命經驗中，建議未來可以「減害」的觀念，宜從靑少年的視角出發，以漸進改變其對毒品的態度，作為有效的拒毒策略。本研究也建議現行教育或制度可以更為彈性，不再聚焦於「爸爸或媽媽」角色，而是彰顯「手足或親人」之重要性，並定位他們在家庭中負擔的責任，藉以提高家庭緊密度，建立穩定的心理健康素質，才可使收容靑少年與社會有更強壯的連結，避免毒品危害。最後則需更正加視靑少年心理健康議題，增強其正向心理特質，維持心理健康的韌性，各界應多加關懷、保持敏感度，在孩子需要紓解的時候適時出現，同時給予獨立空間，才可使收容少年與社會有更強壯的連結，也是減少靑少年涉毒進到矯正機構的重要機制。

In recent years, adolescents face more and more challenges. Social changes increased the chance of being exposed to criminal risks, including adolescents' drug abuse problem. The purpose of this study is to examine the correlations between drug use juvenile detainees and their mental health in correctional schools. Also to understand their characteristics from counselors' observation, as well as the current counseling situation and dilemmas in correctional facilities. Quantitative research method was used in this study, questionnaires included Resilience scale, DASS-21-C and drug use self-assessment scale. Data collection involving 78 adolescent in custody as participants. The result of Rogers' regression analysis showed that by increasing one point of“self-awareness”variable may reduce the risk of mild depression by 66.7%, mild anxiety by 58.9%, and mild stress by 62.8%; increasing one point of“family bonds”variable may reduce the risk of mild stress by 87.6%. Suggestions emerged from this study: (1) To prevent adolescents using drugs, parents should pay more attention to the family responsibilities. Also, the importance of youth mental health should be expanded. (2) Drug prevention education needs to be present earlier in elementary school, enhancing campaigns and propagandas are needed to keep up with modern teens.