莊嚴的遊戲：〈毛穎傳〉人物形象與史傳敘事結構析論

Humour and Solemnity: An Analysis of the Characterization and Narrative Structure in Han Yu's“The Biography of Mao Ying”

本文探討〈毛穎傳〉的用典與敘事意涵。首先根據前賢研究成果作出兩項有關人物形象的補充：第一、分析毛穎「三祖」典故，指出其喻指「文章／文人」的不同用途。第二、分析毛穎形象，指出其並非韓愈的自喻，反而表現對當代文人的諷刺與哀嘆。其次則討論〈毛穎傳〉的「論贊」與柳宗元之評論。指出〈毛穎傳〉虛構的歷史架構，正表現毛穎代表的文人形象與韓愈理想價值的對立；而柳宗元除了理解韓愈的創作理念外，更試圖調和〈毛穎傳〉隱含的諷刺之意。此外，本文也指出〈毛穎傳〉的諧隱、幽默特質，讓諸多諷刺以較柔軟、婉曲的方式展現；而其用典、雙關技藝精絕，更展現了韓愈對文學的愛好與能量，支持他在現實的沈重憤懣中，仍堅持理想，樹立價值。

The present study delves into Han Yu's“The Biography of Mao Ying”and examines the use of allusions and narrative meanings in the text. The first section provides a summary of the previous research. The second section offers two novel ideas. 1. it analyzes Mao Ying's“Three Ancestors”allusion, which is found to correspond to the Xia, Shang, and Warring States periods, and refers to the different uses of“essays/ literati”. 2. it scrutinizes Han’s portrayal of Mao Ying, highlighting that Mao Ying’s depiction does not represent Han himself. Instead, it underscores Han’s use of irony and melancholy to convey the plight of literati, who struggle to assert their self-worth and are prone to being exploited by those in power. The third part discusses the“Grand Historian’s Commentary”of Mao Ying and Liu Zongyuan’s defense of“The Biography Mao Ying”. In the narrative of Mao Ying’s“three ancestors”, Han deliberately skips the Western Zhou dynasty and only discusses the“Mao of the Ji clan”in the“Grand Historian’s Commentary”; this fictional historical structure shows the opposition between the image of Mao Ying as a literati and Han Yu's ideal value. Furthermore, in addition to Liu’s deep understanding of Han’s creative concepts and ideals, he attempts to reconcile the satirical meaning of the“Biography of Mao Ying”. The paper also explores the humorous qualities of“The Biography of Mao Ying,”arguing that it is a masterful text that showcases Han’s passion for literary creation, which sustained him to persist in his values despite the hardships of reality. It offers readers the opportunity to temporarily escape the brutal reality of being a literati who is often powerless and reduced to a mere tool. By laughing out loud, readers can renew their commitment to the ideals and values of literary pursuits.