柬埔寨國防武力發展與區域安全

Cambodian Defense Forces Developments and Regional Security

柬埔寨是中南半島古老的國家，迄今具有2000年以上的歷史，15至19世紀國力持續衰落。1953年脫離法國殖民統治，成立柬埔寨王國，但是獨立後政權更迭不斷，內戰不已。1991年巴黎和平協定要求柬埔寨實施民主選舉和停火，但是日後數十年期間的派系鬥爭，柬埔寨始終處於動盪、貧窮的狀態；直至2018年柬埔寨人民黨全面贏得選舉，取得國民議會125席的所有席次，使柬埔寨實質地成為一黨領政的國家。柬埔寨長期由具軍人背景的Hun Sen擔任總理迄今，因此軍隊在實際的政治運作中始終扮演主導的角色。國家事務及發展規劃亦凸顯軍隊或軍人的重要性，因此只是一個君主立憲框架下的軍事威權國家。另外，柬埔寨形式上擁有一支占總人口高比例的皇家武裝部隊，但是呈現人多武器少的現象，且各式武器裝備老舊，戰力薄弱，勉可執行內部反叛亂、反顛覆任務，卻不足以應付外來安全威脅。

Cambodia is an ancient country on the Indo-China Peninsula, with a history of more than 2,000 years. Its national strength continued to decline from the 15th to the 19th century. In 1953, it broke away from French colonial rule and established the Kingdom of Cambodia. However, after independence, regime changes continued and civil wars continued. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords required Cambodia to implement democratic elections and a ceasefire. However, due to factional struggles in the following decades, Cambodia has always been in a state of turmoil and poverty; until 2018, the Cambodian People’s Party won the election and won all the 125 seats in the National Assembly, making Cambodia essentially a one-party governed country. Hun Sen, who has a military background, has served as Prime Minister of Cambodia for a long time, so the army has always played a leading role in actual political operations. National affairs and development planning also highlight the importance of the army or soldiers, so it is only a military authoritarian state under the framework of a constitutional monarchy. In addition, Cambodia formally has a Royal Cambodian Armed Forces that accounts for a high proportion of the total population, but there are many people and few weapons, and all kinds of weapons and equipment are old, and the combat power is weak. It can barely perform internal anti-insurgency and anti-subversion tasks. But it is not enough to deal with external security threats.