涵納與大學社會實踐：從同質的公共預設到異質的公共想像和行動

Inclusion and University-Community Engagement: From Assuming a Homogeneous Public to Practicing a Heterogeneous Public

無論是公共政策或是來自公民社會的公民公共與共善往往有同質性的預設，容易忽略一些群體的特殊性，如女性、長者、身障者、族群等，而造成系統性的排除或不利於這些群體的意見表達和公共參與。面對這個結構性的落差，即是大學社會實踐可行動的切入點。本文將以科技部人文創新與社會實踐計畫為例探討面對強調「同質公共預設」的公部門官僚體系和政策之運作所帶來的社會不公和系統性的排除某些社會群體，大學社會實踐如何透過與地方社會的結盟共同回應這樣的困境？本文應用Iris Young差異政治的觀點，以差異性作為前提的溝通民主之主張，說明大學團隊如何找出不同的媒介與不同社會群體互動，及創造這些群體的特殊性得以展現、發揮和開展的空間，並藉此搭建溝通的管道促進公共參與。透過實作的過程和專業面向重新認識這些特殊性群體，其處境知識有助於不同群體間的溝通和相互理解。再者，也藉著行動方案的設計讓他們跟社區產生互動和連帶，替打造一個兼容並蓄的社會奠定基礎。

No matter in public policies or civic public and common good, it seems that the so-called public implies a homogeneous community. In this way, some social groups with difference such as gender, the elderly, the disabled and the ethnicity will be unintentionally excluded by public participation and decision-making. Such structural predicaments and systematic exclusion of some social groups shall be considered when conducting university-community engagement. This paper aims at illustrating how university-community engagement responses to such exclusion of some social groups by a case study of the Humanity Innovation and Social Practice Project. I adopt Iris Young's perspective of ''the politics of difference'' to demonstrate how a university team build relations with local communities and how this team creates diverse media to facilitate communication with different social groups and encourage them to realize their capabilities and contribute to community needs. By university-community engagement, social group difference is encouraged to show and create diverse logics and ways of public participation. University-community coworking projects provide opportunities for social groups with difference to reframe their relations with local communities. By doing so, people perceive social groups by their contributions to local communities rather than by stereotypes. Moreover, their difference is important to provide situated knowledge, which is conducive to facilitating mutual understanding and communication with other social groups. This is the foundation for further cooperation and a driving force for transforming into an inclusive society.