從學術著作的引用來看王念孫父子與段玉裁的交誼

Looking at the Friendship between Wang Niansun, His Son and Duan Yucai from Citations of Academic Articles

本文欲從學者間互相引用其學術意見的角度來研究王念孫及其子引之與段玉裁的互動。段王之學同出於戴震，而二人首度謀面於段氏五十五歲，王氏四十六歲時。此次會面王氏不僅出示撰作中的《廣雅疏證》稿本，還曾將自己研究《說文》的稿本相贈，其後兩人互有交流，且對彼此的學術意見都熟稔於心，這點從《廣雅疏證》與《讀書雜志》中多處引段說，即可知曉。然而段氏在《說文解字注》成書後，書中引王念孫說，卻僅見八處，且王氏曾贈予《說文》稿本之事，亦未見錄，導致段氏《說文注》在當時學界出現有抄襲的風聲耳語。這點似乎可以用來解釋王引之在《經義述聞》中，引段氏說法時，時見有盛氣批判字眼出現的現象。本文將先針王氏著作引段說者，及段氏著作中引王說者，加以鉤索，並分析比較，見其是否有負面評價，並進一步對王引之在《經義述聞》引段說者，加以羅列分析，以作為推測王引之對段說呈現嚴厲批評的原因，並探討父子二人對段氏學術評價落差的原因，以嘗試解釋一段學術史。

This article intends to study the friendship between Wang Niansun his son Yinzhi and Duan Yucai from the perspective of scholars citing each other's academic opinions. Duan Yucai and Wang Niansun were both students of Dai Zhen, and they first met when Duan was 55 years old and Wang was 46 years old. When they met for the first time, Wang not only showed him the manuscript of ''Guang ya shu zheng '' that he was writing, but also presented him with the manuscript of his study of ''Shuowen''. After that, the two communicated with each other and were familiar with each other's academic opinions. In mind, this can be known from many quotations from ''Guangya shuzheng'' and '' Dushuzazhi''. However, after Duan's ''Shuowenjiezizhu'' was written, there were only eight cases in which Wang Niansun's opinions were cited in the book, and the fact that Wang had donated the manuscript of ''Shuowen'' was not written down, resulting in ''Shuowenjiezizhu'' was said to be plagiarized at that time. This seems to explain why Wang Yinzhi often made negative comments when citing Duan Yucai's opinions in ''Jingyishuwen''. This article will first Wang Yinzhi's ''Jingyishuwen'' citations of Duan commentators to speculate on the reasons for Wang Yinzhi's strict criticism of Duan opinions in Wang Niansun's articles, and then analyze those who quoted Wang Niansun's opinions in Duan Yucai's articles , and finally compare the previous two to see whether they have negative evaluations. It also explores the reasons for the gap in academic evaluation of Duan Yucai between Wang Niansun and his son, in an attempt to explain a period of academic history.