明儒盧翰「元、亨、利、貞」《易》學圖說思想析論

Analysis of Ming-Scholar Lu Han’s Theory of“Yuan,”“Heng,”“Li,”“Zhen”on Yixue Tushuo

盧翰著述宏博，特擅於《易》說，《易經中說》為其主要之代表著。以理學為主體的義理詮義，並就六十四卦與《易傳》構制簡要圖式，為繼南宋鄭東卿、明代劉定之以來，特專於六十四卦圖說者，凸顯其為明代《易》學圖說義理化之大宗，並具時代圖說之獨特性。識達於天人思想所構制的「元、亨、利、貞」思想圖說，透過乾卦卦辭說明四德之取義，並藉由《彖傳》與《文言》的述義，確立其重要的思想主張。有關方面為本文關注的主要視域，針對其圖說四德於天道、造化對應於人性、乾卦之道、人道的人事之用等四個主要面向，乃至天道同於乾道同於理與太極的關係，具體勾勒有關之重要內涵，以及有關思想特色與於《易》學史乃至圖說《易》學上之客觀定位。

Lu Han was a prolific philosopher and excelled in the field of Yi, with Yi Jing Zhong Shuo being his representative work. Lu interpreted Yili from the perspective of Lixue (Neo-Confucianism) and devised concise Tushi for 64 Gua (divinatory hexagrams) and Yi Zhuang. Following his predecessors Zheng Dongqing in the Southern Song and Liu Dingzhi in the Ming Dynasty, Lu specialized in 64 Gua, explaining Zhouyi with Yili thoughts, which made him prominent and distinct from other scholars of his time. Lu grasped the essence of the four virtues, Yuan, Heng, Li, Zhen, and explained their meanings through qian gua gua-ci (the description of qian hexagram). He further established his theory from the perspective of Tuanci Zhuan and Wenyan Zhuan. The present study aims to explore the important contents of Lu’s views and the characteristics of Lu’s thoughts in the following four aspects, corresponding to the four virtues: the relation to tian-dao (the Heavenly Way), tian-dao in relation to humanity, qian gua theory, and ren-dao (the Human Way), as well as the relation between Li and Taiji, hoping to give an objective indication of his role in Yi history and Tushuo Yixue.