零售相關產業電子商務工作者就業樣態調查及資料蒐整分析

Data Collection and Analysis of Employment Status of e-Commerce Workers in Retail Industry

本文針對以電子商務模式進行銷售的相關行業，調查行業中電商工作者的重要課題：電子商務工作者的工作內容與職能需求、教育訓練與人力供需情形、就業型態及工作者的社經背景、工作條件與勞動權益。並透過深度訪談了解相關業者對於電商工作有關職能與市場供需概況與展望。
電子商務工作者包括下列12類：電子商務專員（操作/管理電子商務平臺）、行銷企劃、網站視覺設計、產品企劃、電腦/資料/網路工程師（程式撰寫/網站架設維護）、攝影/剪輯、客服/行政、倉管/出貨、招商、美編/平面設計、網紅/直播主、物流配送。
調查方法包括：電商企業之深度訪談25家，以及電子商務勞工之問卷調查，共1,025份有效問卷。研究結果發現：電子商務相關從業人員多是勞動基準法中所定義的勞工，和企業之間屬僱傭關係（占調查樣本比例約93％）；相對之下，自營作業者約占7％。
調查結果顯示，企業和電商工作者認為溝通協調能力、問題解決能力等綜合能力甚至比特定的行銷或資訊專業能力更重要。由於電商工作內容還在演進，人工智慧、軟體機器人漸趨普及，職能需求也會因此動態演進，教育訓練也必須隨之調整因應。

This report investigates the following topics of e-commerce workers in industries that use the e-commerce model for sales: 1. Job content and functional requirements of e-commerce workers; 2. Education and training and manpower supply and demand; 3. Employment patterns and the so¬cial and economic background of workers; 4. Working conditions and labor rights.
E-commerce workers include the following 12 categories: e-commerce specialists (operation/ management of e-commerce platforms), marketing planning, website visual design, product plan¬ning, computer/data/network engineers (program writing/website maintenance), photography/ed¬iting, customer service/administration, warehouse management/shipping, investment promotion, American editor/graphic design, Internet celebrity/live broadcast host, logistics and distribution.
The industries under investigation are mainly the retail industry, and cover industries closely related to e-commerce, such as information services, transportation and warehousing, and some industries that have been actively involved in e-commerce in recent years, such as manufacturing, professional, scientific and technical services etc. E-commerce workers include employed em¬ployees and self-employed operators with contractual relationships.
There are two main methods of investigation. The first is to visit e-commerce companies, with a total of 25 companies visited. In addition, a survey was conducted on e-commerce workers, and a total of 1,025 valid questionnaires were obtained. The results of the interview and investiga¬tion found that most of the e-commerce employees in the above-mentioned industries are laborers as defined in the Labor Standards Law, and have an employment relationship with the enterprise; there are very few contracting relationships and manpower dispatch. According to the results of the questionnaire survey: 93% of e-commerce employees in the above-mentioned industries are employed, and only 7% are self-employed.
The survey results show that for e-commerce related practitioners and workers, compre¬hensive and team collaboration skills such as communication and coordination skills and prob-lem-solving skills are even more important than specific marketing or information professional skills. As e-commerce contents are going to develop, artificial intelligence, APPs-development, and robots are becoming more and more popular. The capabilities and skill requirements of em-ployees in e-commerce-related industries are also changing dynamically, and vocational training must also be adjusted accordingly.