設計思考之團隊形塑力研究：團隊人格謹慎性特質在恆毅力對設計思考流程表現之調節效應

What is the Team Plasticity of Design Thinking? The Moderation Effect of Team’s Conscientiousness and Grit on Design Thinking Process Performance

過去研究指出，個人與團隊的人格特質會影響設計思考方法操作之學習成效，其中謹慎性（conscientiousness）人格特質與恆毅力（grit）在過去研究被定義為成功的重要指標。然而，過往設計思考課程的實務教學經驗中，發現學生在設計思維的發散與收斂過程，會因為團隊人格特質的傾向發展而窒礙難行，且國內外針對團隊中的謹慎性與恆毅力特質探討在設計思考發散與收斂思維的設計成效研究相對較少，因此，本研究以設計思考中的雙鑽石模型為課程主軸，提出團隊形塑力（team plasticity）的創新教學概念，聚焦於團隊謹慎性與個人恆毅力在設計思考不同流程中的學習成效。研究結果指出：（1）個人謹慎性與恆毅力有高度關聯性。（2）團隊謹慎性能調節個人恆毅力在設計思考過程中的表現，且單從團隊謹慎性之人格特質無法彰顯該效應，唯獨當團隊謹慎性與恆毅力產生交互作用，才能影響團隊整體的設計思考成效。本研究結果從團隊形塑力為出發點，提供設計思考中發散與收斂流程之設計教學準則，讓設計教育者能洞悉個人與團隊特質在設計思考表現的相互影響，解決實際教學現場的問題並建立最適性化的團隊輔助設計教學與學習。

Past research has shown creativity comes from the composition of individual personality traits. In the design thinking process, the team’s performance was influenced by their team personality trait and team dynamics. Particularly, Conscientiousness and Grit was identified as the primary indicator of success. However, there is little research to explore another personality factor in the design thinking process. In this study, we hypothesized Team Conscientiousness as a moderator that affects the team’s Grit in the design thinking performance. We applied the Double-Diamond Model of Design Thinking to decompose the design thinking process, including divergent and convergence stages, for evaluating student’s design performance respectively. There are two primary findings. Firstly, Conscientiousness was positively correlated with Grit in the individual level. Second, the team conscientiousness personality moderated that how Grit influence on divergent and convergent thinking process on the design thinking performance. We found there is a great boost performance when the team has a high team conscientiousness personality, and it moderated the students in low level of grit trait. In other words, the importance of team personality trait in the design thinking process can achieve better performance through the moderation of Conscientiousness. This research contributes to a better understanding of how to compose a strong team by their personality traits in the design thinking setting.