高齡社會下建置大規模災害後短期特殊避難收容機制之可行性研究

A Feasibility Study of Establishing Short-Term Special Refuge and Shelter Mechanism After Large-Scale Disaster in an Aged Society

臺灣地理環境導致擁有多重災害特性，高齡社會趨勢下災害類型與複合性程度日與俱增，面對極端氣候與大規模地震等災害威脅，高齡者是亟待救助的弱勢族群；避難安置過程中極可能發生「關聯死」，故面對即將進入「超高齡社會」的台灣，檢討高齡者避難收容空間規劃，研擬相關特殊避難所機制，有其必要性與迫切性。本研究透過國內外文獻回顧、專家深度訪談與焦點團體法，建構特殊避難收容機制，以避難者失能程度判定適合之避難空間層級，界定一般避難所設置特殊避難收容空間的對象應以居家照護者為主，並提出一般避難所開設特殊避難空間之工作人力、開設流程、收容對象與分流後送機制、避難收容空間分區與原則、個人休憩空間尺寸等內容檢討與建議事項，期望提供國內災害防救實務，對應於高齡社會下的特殊避難收容整備與應變機制之建議作法，以建全高齡社會下之防災避難收容工作，增加社會面對災害時的韌性。

Due to the characteristics of having multiple disasters brought by the geographic environment in Taiwan, the types of disasters and composite levels multiply daily under the trends of an aged society. In the midst of extreme weather, large-scale earthquakes, and threats from other disasters, the elderly become the highly vulnerable groups that need relief urgently. The process of shelter arrangement may cause“related deaths”and hence it is necessary and urgent for Taiwan to review the spatial design of shelter space for the elderly and draft the relevant special shelter space mechanism, as Taiwan enters the“Super-Aged Society.”The study reviews domestic and international papers, and conducts expert in-depth interviews and focus groups to establish a special shelter space mechanism. The mechanism determines the appropriate shelter space level according to the disability level of the person seeking shelter and defines the objects of special shelter space established from the general shelter to be in-home caregivers. The study also reviews and makes suggestions for the workforce, establishment process, objects of shelter and post-reroute distribution mechanism, shelter space division and principles, personal rest space and dimension for the special shelter space established from the general shelter. The study intends to provide domestic disaster prevention practice corresponding to the recommended approaches of the special shelter space and equipment as well as the response mechanism in an aged society, thereby improving the work related to disaster prevention and shelter space in an aged society and enhancing the resilience of society against disasters.