閱讀革命：《詩歸》的杜詩選評

A Reading Revolution: On the Jingling School’s Criticism of Du Fu’s Poetry in the Late Ming Dynasty

晚明詩學史上最驚天動地的大事，莫過於鍾惺(1581-1624)、譚元春(1586-1637)出版《詩歸》，向雄踞百年的復古派投檄進兵。此書自信能掘發「古人精神」，企圖顛覆復古派對古人的膚廓知解，「閱讀」正是雙方交鋒的一個重要場域，因而可謂「閱讀革命」。值得關注的問題是：這場革命為晚明詩學史帶來哪些有意味的變化？對復古派產生什麼衝擊？本文緣此瞄準鍾、譚的「杜詩選評」，展開論析：首先鎖定《詩歸》所選杜甫(712-770)七律篇目，比較復古派前行選本，具體凸顯此書所捏塑的一套杜詩新典律。其次更深入的是，文中通過鍾、譚評點與杜詩文本的反覆磨勘，凸顯「可思而不可解」、「杜詩入理獨妙」、「性情語」，在在是劃時代的觀念。本文最後並對鍾、譚詩學意義提出扼要的歸結及評估。

One of the most spectacular events in the Late Ming was the challenge to the revivalist school issued by Zhong Xing鍾惺(1581-1624) and Tan Yuanchun譚元春(1586-1637) with the publication of their Shigui詩歸. In this book, they confidently asserted that their views represented the“Ancient spirit”as they sought to refute the ideas of the revivalist school. Since this conflict concerned the proper way to“read”poetry, it can be called a“reading revolution.”What meaningful changes did this revolution bring to the history of poetics in the Late Ming? How did it affect the revivalist school? This article focuses on Zhong and Tan’s selections and criticism of Du Fu’s杜甫(712-770) poetry. First, it sheds light on the new canon of Du’s poetry that the Shigui created, and compares this canon with that of the revivalist school. Second, it demonstrates that ke si er bu ke jie可思而不可解, Dushi ru li du miao杜詩入理獨妙, and xingqing yu性情語all constitute epoch-making points. Finally, this article provides a brief summary and evaluation of the significance of Zhong and Tan’s positions.