「飛軿」與仙真：降真詩之新出玄遊乘具考

“Flying Curtained Carriages”and Perfected-Immortals: Research on the New Celestial Vehicles Found in the Poetry of the Visiting Perfected-Transcendent

《真誥》所載托名仙真所作的降真詩中出現了前代遊仙文學未有的新型玄遊乘具──軿車。軿車出現的原因，一是軿車本為貴族女子出行用車，而茅山降經中的主要人物多為女真，上清經的筆錄者將現實禮制的乘具挪用至上清仙真；二是筆錄者繼承了六朝吳越宗教傳統與當時民間傳說中神女來降故事中神女的專屬座駕──軿車。上清派在此基礎上，發展出供上清仙真使用，同時也是接引凡人登真升天的車具──「綠軿」。而「綠軿」的現實原型則是東晉修禮後，冬至日皇太后、皇后前往南郊祭天所使用的車具──「青軿」。至此以後軿車作為新的玄遊乘具進入世俗文本，而「綠軿」則成為道經文獻中的專有乘具。

In the poems written by an individual identified as the Visiting Perfected- Transcendent in the Declarations of the Perfected (Zhengao真誥), there is a new type of celestial journey vehicle, the curtained carriage, which is not mentioned in earlier literary texts. The reasons for the appearance of the curtained carriage are twofold. First, curtained carriages were originally the vehicles used exclusively by noble women to travel, and most of the main characters in the Mao Shan茅山Revelations were goddesses. So, the individuals who created the scriptures referenced the vehicles used by Shangqing上清(Highest Clarity) Perfected-Immortals. Second, the authors of the scriptures inherited the Wu吳and Yue越religious traditions of the Six Dynasties and the folklore of the time, which held that when a goddess came to descend, the vehicle used was a curtained carriage. On this basis, the Shangqing school developed a vehicle for use in celestial journeys, and at the same time, this vehicle, known as the“green curtained carriage,”also came to be employed by mortals to ascend to heaven. The prototype of the“green curtained carriage”was the“azure curtained carriage”from the Eastern Jin dynasty, which was the vehicle used by both the empress dowager and the empress to travel to the southern suburbs to worship the sky on the winter solstice. Since then, the“curtained carriage”entered secular texts as a new vehicle for celestial journeys, and the“green curtained carriage”became the exclusive vehicle used in Taoist scriptures.