中共陝西省委的研究，1932-1942

An Analysis of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, 1932–1942

中共在各省設立的省委，作為該省最高的黨務領導機構，既負有傳達與貫徹中央政策的職責，同時也必須向中央如實反映地方革命運動的情形。中共陝西省委自1927年成立以來，在1935年中央紅軍長征抵達陝北以前，作為中共在陝西省最高的黨務領導機構，陝西省委不僅要領導各地黨組織，也要指揮建立於農村地區的革命根據地和紅軍以及游擊運動，特別是1932年以後先後建立的陝甘邊蘇區與紅二十六軍，以及渭北革命根據地。1933年後，陝西省委經歷一連串被破壞與重建的過程。1936年西安事變爆發之際，中共中央領導再度重建陝西省委，隨後陝西省委即負責指導關中與陝南等陝西省國統區的黨務與統戰工作。在國共合作以及救亡運動的旗幟下，陝西省委領導地區的中共黨務有極大的發展。然而，隨著國共兩黨之間的摩擦越演越烈，國民黨陝西省當局對共產黨的限制和打壓也變得越來越嚴厲，陝西省委只能選擇從西安周圍地區撤離，撤退到陝甘寧邊區所轄的關中分區，並於1942年和關中分委合併成為關中特委。過去學者大多關注位於陝北的陝甘寧邊區，對於陝西其他地區的革命運動較少研究。本文的目的即是透過對1932-1942年間陝西省委的組織進行分析，藉此闡明此一時期陝西地區共產革命運動的概況及其特質。

The Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), as the highest authority of every province, was the executor of the policy of the Central Committee (CC) of the CCP and was also charged with truthfully conveying the status of local revolutionary activities to the CC of the CCP. The Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP, established in 1927, was the highest party leadership of the CCP in Shaanxi province before the arrival of the Central Red Army at northern Shaanxi in 1935. The Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP not only had to guide local party organization in Shaanxi province, but also took charge of leading rural base areas, the Red Army, and guerrilla warfare, especially within the Shaanxi-Gansu border region, the 26th Red Army, and the Wei-bei base area established in 1932. After 1933 the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP was repeatedly destroyed and reestablished. On the occasion of the Xi’an accident of December 1936, the CC of the CCP reestablished the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP. Subsequently the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP was in charge of the party and united front activities of the districts ruled by the Kuomintang (KMT). Under the banner of KMT–CCP cooperation and the national salvation movement, the quantity of party organizations and party members of the CCP of the districts supervised by the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP multiplied rapidly. However, following increasingly intense friction between the KMT and CCP, the restriction and suppression of the CCP by the Nationalist government of Shaanxi province also became harsher. The Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP had no choice but to evacuate from Xi’an to the Guanzhong subregion, which was a jurisdiction belonging to the Shaanxi-GansuNingxia Border Region, and finally merged with the Guanzhong subregional committee of the CCP into the Guanzhong special committee in 1942. Scholars devoted much attention to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region, but we still do not know much about the history of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP. This article will expound the history and characters of the communist movement in Shaanxi province from the early 1930s to the early 1940s through examination of the Shaanxi Provincial Committee of the CCP during 1932-1942.