關天培與1841年廣州虎門要塞之戰

Reevaluation of Guan Tianpei’s Works on the Humen Fortress

道光十四年（1834），律勞卑下令英國戰船強闖虎門，廣東水師提督李增階被清廷撤職，關天培接任水師提督。面對英國的威脅，關天培加強防衛，盡力修葺虎門要塞。在鴉片戰爭中，虎門要塞在鴉片戰爭中被英軍攻陷，關天培亦陣亡。學者雖然肯定關天培的努力，但認為關氏修葺的虎門要塞，不能抵擋近代軍事科技及戰術。然而，細心考察虎門之戰，英軍做了周密的部署，才攻下虎門要塞。本文將重新審視戰爭過程，檢視關天培修葺的虎門要塞。

Napier ordered British warships to storm Humen Fortress in 1834. Li Zengjie was dismissed by the Qing court, and Guan Tianpei was appointed Commander-inChief of the navy in Guangdong. Because of the British threat, Guan Tianpei repaired the Humen Fortress in order to strengthen its defense. However, Humen Fortress was captured by the British army during the First Opium War, and Guan Tianpei was also killed. Although Guan Tianpei’s efforts are acknowledged by scholars, the Humen Fortress could not withstand modern military technology and tactics, including the careful arrangements made by the British army before they captured the Humen Fortress. This article will re-examine the war’s course of events and re-evaluate the Humen Fortress repaired by Guan Tianpei.