大學自主學習之理念與實施──以募課制度為例

The Concept and Implementation of Self-directed Learning in Universities: Taking Course Enrollment as an Example

近年來因應網際網路資訊化時代，知識傳遞與學習方式有劇烈改變，傳統大學教育面臨極大挑戰，促使學界開始思索未來教育的樣態，讓學生能學習到帶得走的能力，以面對多元浮動的社會。以學生為中心的自主學習與彈性學制即是在此情境下提出，兩者在實務應用上都有非常多元創新的做法，募課制度即是其一。本研究從自主學習理論切入，採用文獻分析與焦點團體訪談法，將各校推動的募課方式進行統整分析，了解各校在推動募課時的精神與特別之處，再輔以實踐大學高雄校區推動的募課制度進行對比討論。研究結果顯示，募課常以通識課程為場域，學生對自主學習的參與度與其學習負擔、社團參與度有關，學校應建置良善制度，讓學生從中得到自主學習的訓練與樂趣，教師也可以更開放、實驗的心態讓教育現場有更多的可能性發生。

In recent years, in response to the informatization of the Internet, knowledge transmission and learning methods have undergone drastic changes, and traditional university education is facing great challenges. This situation has prompted the academia to start thinking about the future of education, so that students can learn the ability to allow them to face a pluralistic and floating society. The student-centered self-learning and flexible academic system are put forward in this context. Both of them have very diverse and innovative approaches in practical application. The Self-directed Learning program is the starting point of this research from the theory of self-learning, using literature analysis and Focus Group Interviews to carry out the analysis the program promoted by each school to understand the spirit and special features of each school in promoting the course enrollment, and then supplemented by a comparison and discussion of the program promoted by the Kaohsiung Campus of Shih Chien University. The results of this study show that liberal education courses are often used as the field for this program. Students' participation in self-learning depends on students' study load and league participation. Schools should establish a good system so that students can easily participate in order to obtain self-learning. Teachers can also have a more open and experimental attitude to make more possibilities happen.