精明的籌謀，還是美麗的假象？探討主管不當督導、部屬知覺領導效能及主管導向公民行為之關係：主管政治技巧與外表吸引力的干擾效果

Shrewd Calculation or Beautiful Illusion? Exploring the Relationship between Abusive Supervision, Follower Perceived Leadership Effectiveness, and Supervisor-Directed Citizenship Behaviors: The Moderating Roles of Supervisor Political Skills and Physical Attractiveness

不當督導對員工與組織帶來的負面影響廣泛，故過去研究多建議企業降低此類行為。但矛盾的是，實務案例不但顯示某些主管即使從事不當督導，也能維持自己在部屬心中的領導效能，且主管不當督導與部屬知覺領導效能的實證結果並不一致。有鑑於既有理論觀點無法解釋此不一致之現象，本研究基於「不當督導的政治行為」觀點，探討具有高度政治技巧及較佳外表吸引力的主管，在從事不當督導行為時，是否較能維持部屬知覺領導效能，並進一步納入部屬之主管導向公民行為以提出一整合性的模式。本研究採取問卷調查法，對象為113位主管及367位直屬員工，並在兩個時間點蒐集資料，總計回收有效配對問卷共367份，並採用多層次路徑分析進行假說檢定。研究結果顯示：主管不當督導行為會降低部屬知覺領導效能，進而減少部屬對主管展現的主管導向公民行為。然而，具有高度外表吸引力的主管，其不當督導行為反而能增加部屬知覺領導效能，進而增加主管導向公民行為；而當主管政治技巧極高時，其不當督導行為反而更會降低部屬知覺的領導效能以及部屬對主管展現的公民行為。又，本研究亦在模式中同時排除情感與關係面的解釋機制。

Although the negative consequences of abusive supervision have been recognized in the literature, some organizational leaders are still able to display abusive behaviors without harming their followers’perceived leader effectiveness. Moreover, the empirical findings indicate that the relationship between abusive supervision and followers’perceived leader effectiveness is mixed. Based on the perspective of“abusive supervision as political activity”, we propose an integrative model to investigate whether the leaders’political skills and physical attractiveness moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and follower’perceived leader effectiveness, which in turn influences supervisor-directed citizenship behaviors.
To test the proposed hypotheses, we collect data from 113 leaders and 367 followers at two different time points, resulting in 367 valid paired responses. The results of multilevel path-analysis show that abusive supervision has a negative indirect effect on followers’supervisor-directed citizenship behaviors via reduced perceived leader effectiveness. However, when leaders are high in physical attractiveness, the negative indirect effect becomes positive. Moreover, when leaders are high in political skills, this negative indirect