永續與東向──緬甸經濟發展之路？

Sustainability and Look East Policy in Myanmar

緬甸於2011年終結半個世紀的獨裁統治，並以其區位優勢、自然資源、人口紅利、調整相關投資法規等吸引外資進入，經濟成長表現在2016年居東協之冠。然而，緬甸先後面臨羅興亞危機、Covid-19疫情以及軍事政變等衝擊，至此緬甸2021年在出口、通膨、幣值表現不如預期。另外，經濟發展與環境生態永續為當前社會的普世價值，但是緬甸在擴大基礎建設的同時，不乏傳出森林砍伐、河川汙染、礦業開採等資源保育問題。最後，勞動成本的提高導致非正規勞動力的聘用，政局不穩所導致的投資與匯率風險皆是緬甸在永續經濟發展上必須面臨的課題。

Myanmar ended half a century of dictatorship in 2011 and achieved economic growth, ranking first among ASEAN countries in 2016, due to its strategic location, natural resources, demographic dividend, and adjustments to relevant investment regulations to attract foreign investment. However, Myanmar has faced various challenges such as the Rohingya crisis, Covid-19 pandemic, and military coup, resulting in lower-than-expected performance in exports, inflation, and currency value in 2021.Additionally, economic development and environmental sustainability are universal values of contemporary society, but Myanmar has faced resource conservation problems such as deforestation, river pollution, and mining activities while expanding its infrastructure. Finally, the increase in labor costs has led to the hiring of non-regular workers, and investment and exchange rate risks caused by political instability are issues that Myanmar must face in sustainable economic development.