《對外關係法》“統籌”意涵的展開——以“分配功能”理論為視角

Unraveling the Implications of“Coordination”in Foreign Relations Law: From the Perspective of the“Allocative Function”Theory

“統籌推進國內法治和涉外法治”是《對外關係法》重要的出發點和落腳點。“分配功能”理論可被用做分析“統籌”意涵的視角。從目的來看，“分配功能”理論旨在否定對外事務例外主義，實現對外權的有序分配；“統籌”則力求克服涉外立法的分散化，實現系統性、協調性的提升。從內容來看，“分配功能”理論從國內、國家間和國際三個維度分配一國的管轄權及應適用的法律；《對外關係法》對內統籌中央對外關係職權，對外推動中國法域外適用，並明確國際條約在國內的地位和適用。從方法來看，“分配功能”理論對內援用憲法方法，對外援用衝突法方法；《對外關係法》立足於我國實際，梳理我國中央對外職權的層次，加強涉外領域立法及其實施、適用，體現了指引性與宣示性。

“Promotion of the domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law in a coordinated manner”is an important starting point and focus of the Foreign Relations Law of China. The “allocative function” theory can be served as a perspective to analyze the implications of“coordination”. In terms of its purpose, the“allocative function”theory aims to reject foreign affairs exceptionalism and achieve the orderly allocation of foreign affair powers, while “coordination” seeks to overcome the decentralization of foreign-related legislation and achieve systematic and coordinated improvements. In terms of“coordination”, the“allocative function”theory allocates States’jurisdictions and applicable laws domestically, inter-State, and internationally. Foreign Relations Law of China internally coordinates the central authorities’ foreign relations powers and externally promotes the extraterritorial application of Chinese law while clarifying the status and applicability of treaties. As for methodology, the “allocative function” theory employs constitutional methods for internal reference and conflict law methods for external reference. Foreign Relations Law of China organizes the levels of central foreign affair powers, strengthens legislation, implementation, and application in foreign-related fields, reflecting natures of guidance and declaration.