數字政府的發展與行政法治的回應

The Development of Digital Government and the Response of Administrative Law

隨著數字行政的廣泛普及，以全面建設法治政府為目標的行政法律制度體系難以有效因應數字政府的發展，“數字+人工”複合型的權力運行機制存在權力約束軟化和行政責任弱化的可能性，高度集成的數字行政存在行為邊界不清、規則不明、程序缺失等問題。應對數字行政發展所帶來的法律難題既需要從宏觀上解構傳統的行政管理體制，樹立整體治理的理念，也需要從中觀上重構行政管轄制度，規範數據權力，明確自動化行政邊界，更需要從微觀上厘清行政證據規則，嵌入正當程序，明晰法律責任，為數字政府構建基本法律框架。

Digital government and the law-based government are mutually reinforced and restrained. With the widespread advent of digital administration, it is difficult for the traditional administrative legal system, which aims at building a law-based government, to accommodate the evolution of the digital government. The exercise of power featured with“digital + manual”may loosen legal constraints upon power and dilute administrative responsibility. Highly integrated digital government bears drawbacks of blurry boundaries in administrative action, uncertain and ambiguous rules and the lack of required procedures. To solve legal problems raised by digital administration, more efforts shall be made to constitute a basic legal framework of digital government in three crucial dimensions, inter alia, deconstructing the traditional administrative management system while equipped with the idea of holistic governance from the macro view, reconstructing the administrative jurisdiction system, regulating data power and setting the boundary of automated administration at meso level, and clarifying rules of administrative evidence, embedding in due process and defining administrative responsibility on the microscale.