先秦語氣副詞「誠」、「果」演變的再商榷──構式語法視角下的演變詮釋

Re-Examining the Changes in the Pre-Qin Modal Adverbs“Cheng”誠and“Guo”果: Interpreting Grammatical Change from the Perspective of Construction Grammar

本文以谷峰（2011）和朱城（2015）對上古「誠」和「果」如何演變為語氣副詞的歧見為起點，增加必要的補充，提出第三套演變假設，同時透過比較考察意見分歧的由來，揭示演變分析方法仍有再商榷的空間。本文順應先秦語言缺乏形態的現實，由William Croft（2001）界定的構式辨認語法演變的產物，以Elizabeth Closs Traugott和Graeme Trousdale（2013）區分的構式變化和構式化，勾勒演變的路徑，重訪存有歧見的案例，證成從構式的角度研究語法演變的積極意義。

The present paper takes two drastically different hypotheses about how the pre-Qin“cheng”誠and“guo”果changed into modal adverbs proposed by Gu Feng谷峰(2011) and Zhu Cheng朱城(2015) as its departure point and, adding necessary supplemental evidence, proposes a third hypothesis. It examines the discrepancies among these hypotheses and suggests that the research method of grammatical change still requires a re-evaluation, an issue into which this paper looks from the perspective of construction grammar. Following the fact that pre-Qin Chinese lacks morphological property, the“construction”defined by William Croft (2001) is adopted; moreover, it takes the“constructional change”and“constructionalization”of Elizabeth Closs Traugott and Graeme Trousdale (2013) to outline the paths of change. All in all, this paper demonstrates the significance of“construction”in the study of grammatical change.