委外生產與研發投資對台灣薪資結構之影響

The Impact of International Outsourcing and R&D Investment on the Wage Structure in Taiwan

自1986年起，台灣製造業技術性勞工之薪資份額開始呈上升趨勢至今，但技術性與非技術性勞工之薪資差距則逐年下降，對此，國內一些研究分別從供給面與需求面給予解釋，然而自1995年起，台灣製造業技術性勞工之相對薪資則有別於以往而呈增加的趨勢，因此本文欲重新探究其影響的因素。本文利用台灣1999-2006年製造業資料，實證跨國委外生產、研發支出以及基礎教育的投資對於技術性勞工與非技術性勞工間薪資的影響。國外文獻是以進口中間財作為委外生產資料，然而由於台灣為島嶼國家，自海外進口原料或半成品早已行之多年，因此本文將「台灣接單，海外生產」資料視為委外生產。本文實證結果顯示，委外生產與研發投資皆是影響近年來台灣製造業技術性勞工薪資份額增長與薪資差距增加的因素，而政府過去增加基礎教育的投資，可減少薪資不均的情況。

Since 1986 the skilled wage bill share in Taiwanese manufacturing industry began on the rise the trend so far, but the wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labors was declined. In this regard, some studies had explained from the domestic supply-side and demand-side. But since 1995 the wage inequality was different from the past and shows an increasing trend. So in this paper we investigate whether the outsourcing process in recent years, R&D expenditures and investment in basic education induced a change in wage inequality between skilled and unskilled labors in Taiwan. In Foreign literature, researchers used imports of intermediate goods as a measure of outsourcing, but because Taiwan is the island country, importing raw materials or semi-finished products from overseas has been in many years, so we used ''export orders in Taiwan, but overseas production'' data as outsourcing. These empirical results show that outsourcing and R&D investment had a significant positive direct effect on domestic skilled wage bill share growth and increasing the wage inequality in recent years, while the Government has increased investment in basic education could reduce the wage inequality.