我國產業結構調整對就業的影響與因應

我國是一個外貿依存度相當高的國家，產業結構必須在比較利益的原則下，根據國際分工情勢而適時調整。在1990年代以前，我國產業結構雖歷經多次大規模調整，但仍以勞力密集產業為主，各新舊產業所需工作技能雖有所差異，但技術層次大都不高，因此，並未造成明顯的結構性失業。

The process of Taiwan’s industrial restructuring can be divided into four stages: the decline of labor-intensive industries, the regionalization of industrial development, the shrinking of the agricultural sector, and the transformation of the service sector. In addition, since the 1990s, global competition has accelerated the pace of domestic industrial restructuring, shifting the locus of development away from labor-intensive and toward capital- and technology-intensive industries. As traditional industries have faded, their place has been taken by information electronics, telecommunications, and other high-technology industries. Nevertheless, structural adjustments of this type may have had an unfavorable impact on employment creation.
This article discusses the effects of adjustment in the domestic industrial structure on employment creation and assesses the effectiveness of specific policy responses adopted by the government. It also advocates several policy proposals to facilitate the adjustment process, including greater emphasis on marketing and management, a more accurate assessment of the benefits of vocational training, and the periodic negotiation of employment contracts between labor and management.