新北市八里區地名之字面義與實質義的比較

A Comparison Study of Superficial meaning and Substantial meaning of Place names in Bali District, New Taipei City

新北市八里區開發早、地形多樣，地名類型與數量豐富，一直到1980年代仍保有傳統的農村景觀，傳統地名保留較完整，對於傳統地名的調查也相對容易，因此，本文選擇八里區為研究區域。地名的探究，形（字）、音、義三者不可偏廢其一，才能完整詮釋其內涵。過去在普查八里區傳統地名時已發現諸多地名出現字音義無法相對應的謬誤。因此，本文重新回到地名之字音義對應的文本基礎上，就研究區地名字面義與實質義的比較，探究音名與字名落差的情形，進行統計與分析；並針對部分地名詞的語意重新確認。此外，在研究時也採用批判的角度，針對臺灣地名的研究進行反思。研究結果顯示：1.八里區字名與音名不符應的情形主要是因地名閩南語諧音化、訓義化及誤用的現象所產生；2.諧音化的地名在文獻及地圖上的字名以音近，形近所表現的錯誤為多；3.訓義化的地名則以「腳」為名的地名及華語化的情形最顯著；4.誤用字的地名詞僅出現在文獻上，應是書寫者不諳閩南語用字所致；5.對於地名詞的意涵應考究字的本義，才能更精準還原當時的景觀。本文對臺灣地名標準化的研究議題可提供一種研究視野。

The characteristics of Bali District in New Taipei City include earlier development, diverse topography, and numerous place names coupled with various types. Because the traditional rural landscape had been well preserved by the late 1980s, the traditional place names are kept relatively intact. Bali District, therefore, is the ideal location to conduct a place names investigation and was thus chosen as our research region. To fully interpret the deep connotations in place names, all of their writing shapes, pronunciation, and semantics have to be taken into account. There are several writing shape, pronunciation, and semantics mismatches found in our previous general survey of the Bali District traditional place names. Thus, in this article, we compared the writing shape, pronunciation, and semantics in place names with their corresponding written text. We also performed a statistical analysis to examine the difference between“phonetic place name”and“writing place name”in the study area, and re-confirmed the semantics of some place-name nouns. Moreover, a critical perspective was adopted during the research to reflect upon the study of place names in Taiwan. The main findings of this study were as follows: firstly, the inconsistency between“phonetic place name”and“writing place name”in Bali District is mainly caused by place names Hohlo homophonic, semantic gloss, and misuse. Secondly, most homophonic place name errors made in the literature and maps take forms of similar phonetic names and glyphs. Thirdly, within the category of semantic gloss place names, the instances where place names are associated with ''腳'' and the utilization of Mandarin words are the most prevalent. Fourthly, place nouns with misused characters only appearing in literature are likely caused by the writers’unfamiliarity with Hohlo characters. Fifthly, for a more precise restoration of the landscape at that time, the content of place-name nouns should align with the primary meaning of the word. This article presents a research perspective on the issue of standardization of place names in Taiwan.