從長期照顧居家服務個案驗證正式契約與關係治理對協力執行成效的影響

The Effects of Formal Contract and Relational Governance on Public Private Partnerships: An Empirical Examination of the Long-Term Care Service System in Taiwan

「公私協力」已成為當代政府運作與學術研究風潮，然協力研究實際上忽略一重要議題，即公私部門管理者對於協力究竟抱持著什麼樣的態度。由於態度會決定人的行為模式，對於在制度與組織層面提出各項能左右協力成效的要件，但也不能忽略運用這些遊戲規則的卻是代表組織的公私部門治理者。再者，對於公私協力的研究多採經濟途徑，然而跨學科領域的完整實證模型卻相對缺乏。基於上述，本文主要分從公私部門管理者角度，建構經濟與社會-心理的理論途徑，探究公私部門管理者在契約管理上的態度意向「為何」與「如何」對協力行為產生影響（正式契約與關係治理），並以目前公私協力中最具爭議且重要的長期照顧制度做為研究個案。主要研究發現如下：1.公部門希冀透過正式契約作為契約運作機制；然私部門則較偏向於關係治理；2.量化資料驗證正式契約與關係治理是互補關係而非抵換關係。

'Public-Private Partnership'' has become a trend in contemporary governmental operations and academic research. However, studies on collaboration have primarily overlooked a crucial topic: the attitudes held by public and private sector managers towards collaboration. As attitudes determine behavioral patterns, it is essential not just to focus on the institutional and organizational factors that influence collaboration outcomes but also to acknowledge that the application of these rules lies in the hands of public and private sector managers representing their organizations. Moreover, research on public-private partnerships predominantly adopts an economic approach, yet comprehensive empirical models from interdisciplinary perspectives still need to be available. In light of the above, this study primarily aims to construct theoretical pathways from economic and socio-psychological perspectives, specifically from the viewpoint of public and private sector managers. The objective is to explore how and why these managers' attitudes toward contract management affect collaborative behavior (formal contracts and relational governance). For our case study, we chose the currently most controversial and significant public-private partnership: the long-term care system. The main findings are as follows: 1. Public sectors favor formal contracts as a mechanism for contract operation, while private sectors lean more towards relational governance. 2. Quantitative data confirm that formal contracts and relational governance complement each other rather than being substitutes.