移動之民：印尼東加里曼丹的金門社群遷徙及其跨境影響

Translocal Chinese: A Study of the Migration History and Cultural Influence of Quemoy’s Overseas Immigrants in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

近代金門移民分布於爪哇、蘇門答臘、邦加—勿里洞、東加里曼丹等區域，十分廣泛。其中，東加里曼丹的三馬林達與麻里峇板是金門人赴印尼的集中地之一，尤其是水頭黃氏族人。成功的商人匯款返鄉，興建了包括得月樓、金水學校等聚落的地標建築。本文以印尼東加里曼丹的金門水頭移民為主題，通過金門本地田野調查與《黃定堅回憶錄》（黃定堅，1993–2005）史料的考證，探討他們在海外的發展及其跨境影響，也了解1960年代排華運動時他們遷徙至中國華僑農場、文化大革命後再移居香港的過程。

Quemoy’s immigrants and their descendants were widely distributed in Java, Sumatra, Bangka-Belitung, East Kalimantan and other areas. According to some field data, Samarinda and Balikpapan in East Kalimantan were two of the main cities in Indonesia that attracted young immigrants from Quemoy, especially the Huang (Ng) clan from Shuitou Village (水頭). Some successful businessmen returned home and built landmark buildings including settlements such as the Deyuelou gun tower (得月樓) and Jinshui School (金水學校). This paper focuses on the development and changes faced by the Quemoy immigrants in East Kalimantan, and discusses cultural influence on their hometowns in the early 20th century. It also uses some Quemoy field research data and Huang Ding-jian’s Memoirs (黃定堅回憶錄) as historical data to discuss the history of the Quemoy immigrants in Samarinda and Balikpapan. Furthermore, I find that some family members of those immigrants returned to China during the Anti-Chinese Movement in Indonesia in the 1960s and were resettled on Chinese overseas farms. After enduring the challenging years of the Cultural Revolution, they went through another migration process in the late 1970s to relocate to Hong Kong. From these case studies, we can draw some conclusions regarding the migration and cross-border impact of the Quemoy community in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.