少年司法福利系統的變化──淺談108年少事法修正之意義

Changes in the Juvenile Justicewelfare System: On the Significance of the Amendment to the Juvenile Justice Act in 2019

在86年版少事法下營運的「司法福利系統」，是司法兼辦福利，少年法院直接與地方政府及機構合作，缺乏中央福利主管機關的參與，導致福利行政部門益加漠然，誤認司法兒少的福利處遇是少年法院的工作，而安置輔導等須作通盤性設計的措施亦難以完善。108年的少事法修正，縮減少事法的適用對象、並對曝險少年改採「行政先行」，預期可成為司法與行政之間關係調整的契機，讓福利行政部門重新看見司法兒少，承擔起處遇權責。一方面，從少年法院釋出的對象，行政部門須有能力獨力完成處遇，無法再依賴司法介入；而即使是還有機會交由少年法院處理的曝險少年，少事法雖指定隸屬於警政體系的少輔會擔任「行政先行」的受案窗口，但後續的實際處遇還是要靠福利行政體系接手。另一方面，少年不會因為進入司法系統便失去福利身分，故行政不只「先行」，還必須「隨行」，在少年經歷司法程序時仍持續提供福利支援，而這也將為「司法福利系統」帶來新的面貌。

The“Judicial Welfare System”operated under the 1997 version of the Juvenile Justice Law is a judiciary that also provides welfare. The juvenile court directly cooperates with local governments and institutions, and lacks the participation of the central welfare authority. As a result, the welfare administrative department has become more indifferent and misidentified the juvenile court as being liable to provide welfare treatment. It is also difficult to improve the practice of measures needing comprehensive design such as Placement. The amendment of the Juvenile Justice Law in 2020 narrowed the scope of application of the Juvenile Justice Law, and changed to“Administration First”for exposed juveniles. It is expected to be an opportunity to adjust the relationship between the judiciary and the administration, allowing the welfare administration to rediscover the judicial children and assume responsibility for treatment. On the one hand, for those who are released from the juvenile court, the administrative department must have the ability to deal with them alone, and can no longer rely on judicial intervention; and even for exposed juveniles who still have the opportunity to be dealt with by the juvenile court, although Juvenile Justice Law has designated The Youth Counseling Committee (subordinated of the police system serves) as the“administrative first”window for accepting cases, but the actual follow-up treatment still depends on the welfare administration system. On the other hand, juveniles will not lose their welfare status because they enter the judicial system. Therefore, the administration not only“goes first”, but also must“accompany them”to continue to provide welfare support while juveniles go through the judicial process, which will also provide“judicial welfare”“System”brings a new look.