越南文化流脈中的神農信仰

The Belief of Shennong in the Flow of Vietnamese Culture

神農崇拜不僅在越南處處可見，在中國、臺灣等也是非常普遍的現象，但這種信仰在每個國家都有不同的特點。本論文通過漢喃書籍（越南古代書籍）記載、民間故事與習俗等，研究越南人民的神農崇拜。此外，本文將上述國家的神農信仰相互比較，更為詳細地了解中國、臺灣的本土文化以及彼此之間文化和信仰的交流。神農的概念不僅存於越南民間，歷代封建王朝也非常重視祭祀神農。據史書、傳說和風俗中有關越南人神農崇拜的研究指出，這種信仰與雄王建國時期有關，也是對雄王國家形成過程初期的一種政治認識。神農祭祀是越南人民的傳統儀式，表示對越南農民的尊重，也體現了早期崇拜自然神的觀念。在文化交流的過程中，越南的神農崇拜與周邊國家存在異同。人類文明與民族文明具有差異，祭祀神農的信仰就是一個明顯的例子。

Worship of Shennong is not only seen everywhere in Vietnam, but also a common phenomenon in China, Taiwan, etc., but it has different characteristics in each country. This article looks into folk tales and custom recorded in Sino-Nom documents to study the belief of Shennong in Vietnam. Furthermore, this article compares the Shennong beliefs of the above countries with each other, to have a better understanding of the local culture of each country as well as the culture exchange and beliefs between them. The concept of Shennong not only exists among the people in Vietnam, but also the feudal dynasties also attached great importance to the sacrifice of Shennong. According to research shows that this belief is related to the period of King Hung, and it is also a political understanding of the initial process of the formation of the country. In Vietnam, the Shennong sacrificial ceremony is a traditional festival which expresses the respect for the farmers and reflects the mentality of worshiping to the gods of nature in the early days. In the process of cultural exchange, there are similarities and differences between the worship of Shennong in Vietnam and surrounding countries. There are also differences between human civilization and national civilization, and the belief in offering sacrifices to Shennong is an obvious example.