游觀、惜生、抒懷：論宋詩「觀漁」意象之義蘊

Touring, Cherishing Lives, Expressing Sentiments: A Study on the Meaning of Imagery Regarding“Fishery Observation”in Song Poetry

「觀漁」本為周天子以祭祀為目的的禮儀；周朝以後，可能因漢人重農而輕漁之故，除梁太祖、隋煬帝、唐敬宗和宋初二帝外，正史中再無漢人皇帝有過「觀漁」之舉。但隨著宋代漁業蓬勃且突破性的發展，再加上宋詩較唐詩更富敘述性、更接近日常生活之故，「觀漁」雖成皇帝的禁區，卻在文人士大夫階層流行起來，描寫「觀漁」（以觀釣竿之外的漁事書寫為主）的詩作即多達一百餘首，遠遠超過唐詩的5首。本文分析歸納其主要意象之義蘊有三：「游觀」、「惜生」、「抒懷」，且呈顯出較唐詩更具體、多元的漁事描繪，更深刻、豐富的情意抒發等特徵；並從海洋文化、思想、詠物詩學等視角具體觀出宋代文士特有的理性主義、淑世、樂觀、寫實與創新等的精神風貌。

“Fishery Observation”was the ritual of Zhou Sovereign for the purpose of worship. After Zhou Dynasty, there had been no official record of ethnic Han emperors“observing fishery”apart from Taizu of Later Liang, Emperor Yang of Sui, Jingzong of Tang, and the first two emperors of Song, which was likely a result of Han people’s prioritization of agriculture over fishery. Nevertheless, as fishery developed in a vigorous manner during Song dynasty and Song poetry is more narrative and closer to daily life than Tang poetry, although it became a forbidden area for the emperor, and it became a trendy activity among litterateurs and the gentry. There were over a hundred poems on“fishery observation”(mainly writings on fishery), far exceeding the number of such poems (5) in Tang poetry. This paper analyzed and summarized into three meanings of imagery, and it shows more specific and diverse descriptions of fishing affairs than Tang poetry, and more profound and rich emotional expressions. From the perspectives of oceanic culture, ideology, and studies in poetry on objects, we can see the unique spiritual outlook of rationalism, sophistication, optimism, realism and innovation of the literati in the Song Dynasty.