論《群書治要》對《三國志》的筆削與取義

Discourse on Qun Shu Zhi Yao’s Content Removal and Excerption from Records of the Three Kingdoms

國史載記，非徒記事，而務在勸懲，即《周禮》「掌官書以贊治」的傳統。《舊唐書‧魏徵傳》載唐太宗「以古為鏡，可以知興替」之言，《群書治要》亦是取其「致治稽古，臨事不惑」之功，而《三國志》名列四史，亦有高度可論性。是則本文以「《三國志》『畏懼之史』的消融」、「《群書治要》『本求治要』的勸戒」兩端，考述《群書治要》於編纂時，對《三國志》的筆削棄採，與所呈現的史家心識。認為《群書治要》編纂時，雖非刻意，但確實消融、解構了陳壽《三國志》畏懼之史的內涵。並在本求治要的原則下，重視君臣相處之道，大量選錄勸諫之文，顯示出取義關鍵，乃君主的英明好諫、言無不納，臣子的忠直無隱、事無不言，最後總其勸戒之功、治要之道。

The history of the country is not merely remembering things, but also persuade and punish, that is the tradition of“handling official books to praise and rule”in“Rites of Zhou”. In the“Biography of Wei Zheng of Old Book of Tang”, Emperor Taizong of Tang’s statement of‘history is a mirror that reflects the rises and falls’was recorded. For the book of“Qun Shu Zhi Yao (Qun)”, Taizong acclaimed the book’s efforts for enabling the emperor to focus on history examination and solution to perplexed matters. As the“Records of Three Kingdoms”is one of the Four Great Books of Chinese History, and it is highly arguable. This study used the method of‘disintegration and decomposition’and‘advise and composition’to investigate the content removal standards, as well as the historian mindset of“Qun”in compiling the complicated historical events during the Three Kingdoms.“Qun”disintegrated and decomposed the contents of‘history of fear’in Chen Shou’s Records of the Three Kingdoms. Under the principles of pursuing governance benchmarks,“Qun”emphasized the interaction between the monarchs and the subordinates and largely excerpted articles of admonishment. This exemplifies that the keys to excerption are the monarch’s inclusive welcome of advises and the subordinates’candid words. In summary, the efforts of persuasion and dissuasion make the keys to governance of Prosperity of Zhenguan and prosperous times of Tang dynasty.