現代化垂直框架與水準測量

The Modernized Vertical Reference Frame and Levelling

「水準測量」是一個基本測量技術，就提供垂直維度高程差觀測值的目標而言，具有高精度的重要地位。「高程現代化」，則是近代一個為充分應用衛星科技而發展的趨勢與實務作為。「高程現代化」除具有全球化整合一體，提供單一框架的特性外，在時間面向，更提供了前所未有的觀測機會，可以據以建置時空模型，由而關聯不同時間測量所得觀測量，得以更合理的優化分析成果。在「高程現代化」中，「水準測量」仍然有著重要的應用價值，但是資料化算與分析的方式，將有重大的觀念改變。本文記載由FIG 2023工作週中，美國國家大地測量局所作的數場演講，所歸納的心得，並由網際蒐尋與個人聯繫所獲得之相關資訊，彙整介紹。

'Leveling'' is a fundamental surveying technology that plays a crucial role in providing height difference observations. ''Height Modernization'' is a concept, a trend, and a practice that promotes the comprehensive utilization of satellite technology. In the spatial dimension, ''Height Modernization'' is closely linked to globalization as it provides a consistent reference frame for the entire globe. In the temporal dimension, it presents a unique opportunity to observe and construct spatial-temporal models. Through this model, observations made at different times can be better integrated to obtain optimized estimates.
In the era of ''Height Modernization,'' ''leveling'' will continue to be the premier technique for accurately determining differential heights. However, the way data is processed will undergo significant conceptual changes. This writing summarizes several presentations given by staff members of NGS during the FIG 2023 Working Week, and it is supplemented with information collected from internet sources and literature. The objective of this writing is to introduce the NGS modernization to the vertical datum and highlight the role of leveling in the modernized environment.～