探討嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎下之員工健康促進生活型態與相關影響因素──以南部某醫學中心為例

Health-Promoting Lifestyles and Influencing Factors Among Hospital Employees During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Example from a Medical Center in Southern Taiwan

目的：探討嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎防疫期間，醫院員工的自覺健康狀況、健康促進生活型態以及其相關影響因素。
方法：以南部某醫學中心員工為研究對象，採橫斷式問卷調查法，以結構化自填式問卷，就員工的性別、年齡、教育程度等基本資料、生活與工作受疫情影響程度、健康促進生活型態與自覺健康狀況進行調查，後以統計方法共分析有效問卷619份。
結果：疫情期間醫院員工之健康促進生活型態以人際支持最佳，運動保健較弱。年齡、教育程度、婚姻狀況與工作年資皆影響健康促進生活型態表現，自覺健康狀況良好者有較好的健康型態表現。疫情對醫院員工日常生活與工作皆有影響，其中94.7%認為防疫與維持健康同等重要。工作影響程度越低者，能有較好的自我實現感與運動保健行為，過多的額外防疫工作時數對於壓力處理能力越低。
結論：影響醫院員工健康促進生活型態的因素眾多，嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎期間更對此造成影響，符合需求的健康促進方案可有效提升改善，依研究分析建議可辦理適切的活動與經驗分享課程，以提升改善動機，對於防疫或非常規業務，如能有效協調分攤，可降低其對個人工作之影響，有助提升醫院員工之健康促進生活型態。研究成果可供醫院管理者在規劃未來健康促進政策或後續面臨新興傳染病下之員工健康促進推動之參考。

Objective: To study the relationship between perceived health status, health-promoting lifestyles, and related factors in hospital employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included employees at amedical center in southern Taiwan as research participants. Astructured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the participants’personal information, including gender, age, and educational attainment, and to determine the effect of the pandemic on their work and daily lives, health-promoting lifestyles, and perceived health status. Atotal of 619 valid questionnaires were returned and thus included in the study analysis.
Results: Analysis results regarding health-promoting lifestyles revealed that the participants exhibited the strongest performance in interpersonal support and the weakest in exercise behaviors during the pandemic. Moreover, age, educational attainment, marital status, and seniority affected the participants’performance of health-promoting lifestyles. Participants with apositive perception of their health status exhibited stronger health performance. Furthermore, the results indicated that the pandemic affected both the daily lives and work of the participants. Of the participants, 94.7% considered that epidemic prevention is as crucial as maintaining good health. Participants whose work was less affected by the pandemic exhibited more favorable self-realization and exercise behaviors. Excessive working hours devoted to epidemic prevention correlated with poorer stress management skills.
Conclusion: Several factors affect the health-promoting lifestyles of hospital staff, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Health promotion programs tailored to the needs of employees can effectively improve employee lifestyles. According to the study findings, organizing relevant activities and experience-sharing courses can enhance motivation for lifestyle improvement. Moreover, efficient coordination and allocation of tasks related to epidemic prevention or other nonroutine responsibilities can reduce disruptions at work and improve the health and lifestyle of hospital employees. The findings of this study can serve as areference for the development of health promotion policies and implementation of strategies for encouraging health-promoting lifestyles among employees in the face of future infectious disease outbreaks.