從計量到分類：揭開越南華語二語者華語量詞學習的挑戰

From Counting to Classifying:Unpacking the Challenges of Chinese Classifiers for Vietnamese L2 Learners

本研究旨在探討越南成年學習者華語在數量和分類量詞的習得，硏究對象為30位越南華語二語學習者，依其華語程度分為中初級組和中高級組，並以在臺的華語母語者作為控制組。本研究採用選擇題型和圖片描述題型評量研究對象對華語量詞的理解和使用。為了解越南成年學習者對不同類型華語量詞的掌握，每個任務選擇的量詞包含表示形狀、生命性、功能、事件、標準、容器、部分和群組等類別。研究結果顯示：第一，華語程度低的越南學習者在數量詞的表現優於分類詞，而華語程度高的越南成年人在數量詞和分類詞兩者表現皆佳。第二，越南華語二語學習者在不同類型的量詞上表現不同，表容器、功能和形狀的量詞相較於表部分、群體和事件的量詞來得更容易習得。第三，中初級組視「個」為量詞保留位置，因此比中高級組實際上更常使用「個」。

This study investigated the acquisition of Chinese classifiers by Vietnamese adult learners, including mensural and sortal classifiers. Thirty participants were divided into low-intermediate and high-intermediate proficiency, with a control group of fifteen Taiwanese native Chinese speakers. Both multiple-choice tasks and picture description tasks were employed to examine the participants’comprehension and production of Chinese classifiers. In each task, sortal classifiers and mensural classifiers denoting shape, animacy, function, event, standard, container, partitive, and group were selected to test the participants’performance on various classifiers. Results of the study are as follows: First, the Vietnamese adults in the low-intermediate Chinese proficiency group performed significantly better on mensural classifiers than on sortal classifiers, while those in the high-intermediate group performed equally well on both mensural classifiers and sortal classifiers. Second, the Vietnamese participants showed variations in their performance on different types of classifiers. Container, Function, and Shape classifiers were found to be more easily acquired than Partitive, Group, and Event classifiers. Third, the Low-Intermediate participants tended to use the general classifier ge as a placeholder, using it substantially more frequently than the High-Intermediate group.