論海洋核動力平臺的屬性——基於國際法的視角

The Nature of Marine Nuclear Power Platform：From the Perspective of International Law

在海洋核動力平臺即將研發成功之際，其屬性仍處於不確定狀態，為今後平臺實用帶來法律風險。平臺與傳統浮動核電站存在明顯技術差異，前者已突破人工島嶼的“島嶼性”與“固定性”限制，不再符合後者特徵。強行將平臺視為人工設施與結構，在採用文義解釋和目的解釋時可能會得出不一致的結論；同時，在平臺從事不同活動時，導致其屬性的不穩定。現有權威詞典、國際條約以及具有影響力的國家的立法、司法實踐表明，平臺具備航行能力、運載能力等與船舶相符的特徵，至少應被視為廣義“船舶”的一種，適用《聯合國海洋法公約》的各項條款。

When the marine nuclear power platform is about to be successfully developed, its nature is still in a state of uncertainty, which will bring legal risks to its practical use in the future. There are apparent technical differences between the platform and the traditional floating nuclear power plant. The former has broken through the limitations of the“islandness”and“fixedness”of artificial islands and no longer meet the latter’s characteristics. Forcing the platform to be regarded as an artificial installation or structure will lead to inconsistent conclusions when it adopts textual and teleological interpretation and causes the instability of its nature when it engages in different activities. Existing authoritative dictionaries, international treaties, national legislation and judicial practices have shown that the platform has navigation capabilities, carrying capabilities, and other characteristics consistent with ships. At least, it should be regarded as a“ship”in a broad sense to let the provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea apply.