輕罪立法的實踐悖論與法理反思

在積極刑法觀的指導下，輕罪立法成為近年我國刑事立法的重要特徵。以危險駕駛罪為代表，輕罪立法有其積極意義，但導致的問題也值得理性反思。刑法及時回應社會現實增設新罪是必要的，但改變和動搖我國傳統違法與犯罪區分的二元制裁體系，特別是為了強化刑法參與社會治理增設輕罪，將本可以由行政法等其他法律或者社會規範調整的行為納入刑法範圍，不應提倡。我國重刑主義的法律傳統、權力分配體制以及司法運行機制根本上決定了不宜降低犯罪門檻、積極地推進輕罪立法。傳統違法與犯罪區分的二元制裁體系在我國具有制度及其運行機制的適宜性，對於有效避免刑法過度干預社會具有重要的制度意義，應繼續堅持。“不嚴不厲”的刑法結構更適合我國，未來我國刑法結構應避免滑向“又嚴又厲”。

Guided by the positive view of criminal law, misdemeanor legislation has become an important feature of Chinese criminal law in recent years. The importance of misdemeanor legislation cannot be denied, but its problems as represented by the crime of dangerous driving calls for rational reflection. Though it is necessary to keep up with social needs by criminalizing, changing or challenging the binary sanction system of our traditional distinction between violation of law and crime, especially in order to strengthen the participation of criminal law in social governance, is not advocated. Our traditional culture of severe punishment, system of power distribution and judicial mechanism fundamentally make it inappropriate to lower the threshold of crime and to promote misdemeanor legislation. The traditional binary sanction system of distinguishing between violation of law and crime suits the system and its mechanism in China, which has institutional significance for effectively avoiding excessive intervention of criminal law and should be maintained. The structure of the criminal law that is neither strict nor severe is more suitable for our country. In the future, Chinese criminal law should avoid slipping into being both strict and severe.