宋末元初部分中興兩朝史著文本源流關係考——兼論南宋高孝兩朝歷史知識在宋元之際的傳播

The Reproduction and Dissemination of Knowledge: A Genealogical Analysis of Historical Writings on the Early Southern Song Dynasty Published from 1240–1340

現存宋元之際出現的諸多不同類型的歷史著作之間，記敘南宋高孝兩朝史事的文本有著複雜的關聯：《皇宋中興兩朝聖政》的孝宗部分，在出自官修《孝宗聖政》的文字之外，主要利用了《中興兩朝編年綱目》充實紀事；《大金國志》明顯有抄錄《中興綱目》的痕跡；出自《中興綱目》的文字，也構成了《中興大事記講義》中高孝兩朝「大事記」的主體內容；《續宋通鑑》不僅以《中興綱目》作為高孝兩朝紀事的基礎，還吸收了《中興大事記講義》的一些「大事記」以補充紀事；《宣和遺事》中的高宗朝敘事，也基本出自《中興大事記講義》中的部分條目。這些著作的出現，既得益於南宋官方和知識精英的修史活動，也與福建士人和出版業關係密切，構建起一條縱向的知識傳播鏈，以一種「接力式」傳播的態勢，將諸多南宋前期歷史知識，以多種形式不斷向下傳播。

A complex relationship exists between narratives on the historical events of the first two emperors of the Southern Song dynasty, emperors Gaozong and Xiaozong, in many extant historical writings published in the late Song and Yuan dynasties. Although the portion on Xiaozong within Huang Song zhongxing liang chao shengzheng 皇宋中興兩朝聖政 (The sagely government of the two intermediate restoration reigns of the Song) is mainly based on Xiaozong shengzheng 孝宗聖政 (The sagely government of Emperor Xiaozong), the author also uses Zhongxing liang chao biannian gangmu 中興兩朝編年綱目 (Chronologically arranged outline and details of the two intermediate restoration reigns) for supplement, the exact work which provides the main body of the records of great events from the first two reigns in Zhongxing dashiji jiangyi 中興大事記講義 (Lectures on the records of great events during the intermediate restoration reigns) as well as being referred to by many other historical writings at that time. Moreover, the records and commentaries found within Zhongxing dashiji jiangyi also appear in several other contemporary writings. These books, publication of which was predominantly fueled by Fujian commercial publishers, emerged as a result of the historiographical work of the Southern Song court and intellectual elites. In this way, the textual genealogy of these historical writings shows how the government, intellectual elites, and publishers together created a vertical chain of knowledge dissemination, relaying historical knowledge of the first two reigns of the Southern Song dynasty from forms of elite historiography to more and more of the general populace.