族譜中的明代軍戶：戶、籍與家族

Military Households in Genealogies: Households, Household Registration and Lineage Formation during the Ming Dynasty

過去筆者曾撰文探討明代垛集軍戶的軍役更代，指出明代軍戶制度中普遍存在的「戶名不動代役」現象，與軍戶戶役的特殊性質有關。本文更進而從多年來蒐集所得之族譜資料中選取內容較豐富者，配合諸先進有關明代里甲戶籍制度之研究，從明初立戶開始談起，觀察軍戶在里甲制度中的存在形態，並及軍籍對家族形成的影響。對構成軍戶家族的「原籍軍戶」、「衛所軍戶」與「附籍軍戶」間的關係亦有所闡明，期能藉由實際案例，呈現明代軍戶的存在實態。

The author had in the past wrote articles discussing how military services are fulfilled by collective military households in the Ming dynasty, and the common phenomena that whether descendants from the same family or people outside the family inherited the military service, the original household name registered in the early Ming was maintained in official records. This article, with an in-depth exploration into genealogies and references to existing research on the lijia system, further observes the inheritance of military obligation within the lijia system since the general household registration during the early Ming, and the influence of military status on the formation of lineages throughout the Ming dynasty. Furthermore, this article also analyses the relationships among three types of members within lineages of military households: household members who stayed in the original registered locations, who were distributed to garrisons under military administrations, and who settled down, purchased estates in/around distributed garrisons, and were administered by nearby county or district governments. Hopefully through this detailed and deliberative case study, we can better understand about military households and the operation of military system during the Ming dynasty.